营造未成年人健康向上的成长空间|营造健康向上的学校文化

　　陈伟(共青团山东省委书记) 　　 　　山东有着深厚的民族文化底蕴和光荣的革命传统，青少年德育资源十分丰富，利用这些资源加大对未成年人的教育力度是目前的一项重要工作。
　　理想信念教育是未成年人思想道德建设的核心。共青团组织要通过中学生团校和业余党校，用“三个代表”重要思想武装中学生头脑，对中学生团员进行广泛的先进性教育。要通过开展队旗、队徽、队礼、入队仪式教育和主题队会等形式，培养少先队员的光荣感和使命感，从小树立远大理想。
　　广泛开展道德实践活动，充分利用传统节庆日开展团队活动，定期组织团员、少先队员到各类纪念馆、烈士陵园等爱国主义教育基地参观，接受爱国主义和社会主义教育。
　　积极推进青少年文化建设。要继续实施中国青少年新世纪读书计划和齐鲁青少年经典古诗词诵读工程，积极开展“青春中华”文化周、青少年文化节等主题读书活动。要在建设丰富的文化阵地、生产优秀的文化产品、营造良好的文化环境上下工夫，坚持每年向广大未成年人推荐200本优秀图书和其它影视、音像产品，努力满足未成年人的精神文化需求。
　　切实维护青少年合法权益。加大《未成年人保护法》、《预防未成年人犯罪法》和《山东省未成年人保护条例》的宣传，增强未成年人的法律意识和自律自护能力。进一步深化创建优秀青少年维权岗活动，逐步建立健全预防青少年违法犯罪的工作机制。深入开展青少年违法犯罪社区预防计划、青少年网络文明行动、预防艾滋病“青春红丝带”行动和社区青少年远离毒品等活动，为未成年人健康成长创造良好的社会环境。
　　
　　陈光华（山东省教育厅副厅长）
　　
　　在文化教育的同时渗透思想道德教育，培养素质全面的人才。首先是增强爱国情感，弘扬和培育伟大民族精神，继承传统美德，打造中小学生诚信品质。结合中小学德育工作实际，通过制定学科渗透制度、研究性学习课题必选制度、校园文化建设制度、校外基地参观制度、影视文化教育制度、传统节日制度、读书教育制度、德育科研制度等确保弘扬和培育民族精神、继承传统美德教育落到实处。
　　其次，开展养成教育，促进中小学生良好行为习惯的养成。在教育当中切实执行中小学生日常行为规范，通过学生评比，让他们在日常行为方面互相学习，督促他们遵守行为规范，养成良好的行为习惯，提高道德素养。
　　再次，切实发挥好学校主渠道、主阵地、主课堂的作用。加强教材建设和课程建设，充分利用基础教育课程改革的平台，改革课程设置、教材和教学方法，进一步推动中小学思想品德、思想政治课的改进和建设，深入研究学生思想品德形成的规律和特点，把爱国主义教育、革命传统教育、中华传统美德教育和民主法制教育体现在课程和教材之中，构建符合时代要求的、具有山东特色的学校德育课程体系，把学生思想道德教育贯穿和渗透在课程改革、课堂教学的各个环节。
　　
　　孟海兰（山东师范大学心理学教授）
　　
　　现在未成年人的思想道德处在一个比较混乱的阶段。学校和家长往往把孩子的学习放在首位，而把思想道德教育放在了很次要的位置，结果孩子形成了一些不良的习惯。问题出现以后，学校和家长才引起重视，但一时又感觉无从下手，不知道该怎样来解决孩子思想道德方面的问题。
　　其实，出现这种情况的一个主要原因是成年人思想上的一个误导。出于让孩子将来在社会上能立得住脚，老师和家长强迫似地要求孩子去学习知识和技能，而很少关心孩子的思想特别是道德方面的素质。有的家长认为孩子过于老实会影响他们以后的成长，于是就教育孩子要学会“厉害”，对其他的孩子不能忍让，结果形成孩子的自私自利思想。
　　加强思想道德教育和加强文化知识教育并不矛盾。从品质教育入手，可以使学生明白自己学习的最终目的是为了能够适应社会、促进社会的发展，才有更大的学习动力，学到的知识才能对社会起到应有的作用，这将使他们受益终生。否则，如果没有正确的思想指导，知识越多对社会的危害可能越大。
　　思想道德教育要从孩子的身边做起，不能动辄就空洞地要求孩子们爱祖国、爱人民，首先要他们学会爱自己、爱别人，才能树立生活的信心，享受生活的乐趣，就不会因为一点点挫折就一蹶不振，也不会因为别人没有满足自己的要求就耿耿于怀。另外，思想道德教育不能硬性地统一标准，要采取灵活多样的方式，针对每一个未成年人的思想实际来因势利导。
　　
　　杨晓扬（济南市育英中学教师）
　　
　　中学阶段是孩子们心理最复杂的一个时期，他们开始独立地认知社会，社会中的一些矛盾和问题会不同程度地冲击他们个人的思想。另外，外界的干扰很多，社会的阴暗面、大人的不良行为、暴力电影、网络游戏等都会导致中学生去模仿，从而形成一种不正确的人生观和道德观。所以，这个时期的思想道德教育显得尤为重要。
　　在未成年人的思想道德教育中，家长要配合学校和老师，对学生进行有效的心理调节，有策略地引导他们向有利于成长的方向发展。具体到教育教学当中，就是要多搞活动。因为这个时期学生的学习压力大，交流的机会少，老师要通过课外活动加强他们之间的感情交流。值得注意的是，此类的活动不能只停留在形式上，让部分学生参加一下就完事了。而要全部学生参与，这样一是可以加强他们之间的思想和感情交流，二可以加强他们平等的观念，培养团队意识，树立自信心。
　　家长和老师在引导学生的思想时要注意方法和策略。中学生处于一种多虑的心理状态，对事情容易想得多、考虑得复杂，他们必须找人倾诉来减轻自己思想上的压力，老师和家长就要主动担起这个责任。可以通过书信、电子邮件、谈话等不同的形式，以朋友的身份与学生聊天、沟通，倾听他们的苦恼和担忧，适时地帮助他们解决一些心理上的问题，而不是粗暴地去干预。
　　
　　刘志恒（建设银行职员）
　　
　　在现今的教育制度和社会环境的影响下，社会侧重发展未成年人的知识和技能，在一定程度上忽略了良好思想道德素质的培养，加之教育方法不能贴近受多元文化影响的未成年人的心理，导致当前未成年人的思想道德教育的效果不佳，未成年人在成长中出现一些不好的负面的东西。
　　未成年人思想道德教育不只是学校和老师的责任，家庭教育和社会教育也很重要。季羡林老先生最近在谈到加强未成年人的思想道德建设时，为广大中小学生写了四句话：热爱祖国，孝顺父母，尊重师长，同伴和睦。我认为这是对未成年人思想道德和行为规范的一个比较全面和现实的要求。
　　热爱祖国就是要孩子们从小就能意识到自己是中国人，要热爱自己的祖国，这是思想道德教育的前提。这个方面主要应有学校和老师来进行，可以充分利用社会课等课程，采取灵活多样的形式，对孩子们进行国史教育，既要让他们知道中国光辉灿烂的历史文明，又要让孩子时刻记着为祖国而奋斗。孝顺父母和尊重师长是弘扬的一种健康的社会公德，在这方面家长和老师都应该充分地尊重孩子，要学会和孩子们交心，多身教，少言传。在与孩子们交往时，要赏识孩子，认可他们，对他们的行为不时加以引导和纠正，从而培养良好的行为习惯。同伴和睦在目前的中小学中应特别注重培养。如今孩子多是独生子女，形成了自私、不合群、心理脆弱的一些缺点，很多孩子沉溺于网络游戏，所以学校和家长都有责任让孩子与他们的朋友和睦相处，互相学习，正确引导他们的竞争意识，在合作中快乐地成长。
　　
　　Message from Chen Wei (Secretary of the Shandong Provincial Committee of the Communist League of China)
　　Strengthening and improving the construction of ideology and morality of minors is the largest ideological project concerning the will of the public that has relations with the interests of millions upon millions of families. It is also a hope project that has a great deal of importance for the future of our country and the fate of our nation.
　　Extensive activities and programs exemplifying ideal moral practices should be developed to vigorously promote the cultural construction among youngsters. Continuous efforts should be made on the implementation of Chinese Youngsters’ Reading Plan in the New Century and Reciting Classical Poems Project of the Qilu (i.e., Shandong) Youth. Some theme reading activities, such as “Youth China” culture week and Youngsters’ Cultural Festival, should be developed. Great efforts should be made on construction of a front of culture, edition of outstanding cultural products, and creating good cultural environment.
　　Message from Chen Guanghua (Vice Head of the Department of Education of Shandong Province)
　　The administrative departments concerning education have unshirkable responsibility for the ideological and moral education of primary and secondary school students. In creating the ideology and morality of minors, the departments concerning education should base themselves on the status to develop the ideological and moral education with a view to training talents with full-fledged qualities.
　　First of all, the patriotic sense should be strengthened to carry forward and cultivate the great national spirit among primary and secondary school students to make them inherit the traditional national merits and form a sincere and honest character. Second, habit-forming education should be developed to promote the primary and secondary school students to develop good behaviors and habits.
　　While strengthening ideological and moral education for primary and secondary school students, education concerning teachers’ professional ethics and professional spirit should also be strengthened. Series theme education activities for teachers’ professional ethics should be extensively developed among the teachers. A commending system should be set up to choose outstanding teachers involved in moral education work. The teachers should be directed to love their students and teach the students by personal example and practical exercises as well as verbal instructions. The teachers should direct the full-fledged development of the students in the aspect of morality, knowledge, sports, and art.
　　Message from Meng Hailan (Professor of psychology at Shandong Teachers’ University)
　　The education of ideology and morality, in fact, does not contradict the education of culture and knowledge. Starting with proper moral education, students can realize that the ultimate purpose of their study is to adapt themselves to society and promote overall social development. Only by understanding this can the students have a more powerful motive to study, and the knowledge they acquire will be useful for society. This kind of education will benefit them all their lives. Ideological and moral education should begin with the children themselves. First of all, they should learn to love themselves and love others. Then they can develop a healthy optimism, have confidence in their daily living. They can enjoy life and help others enjoy life.
　　Message from Yang Xiaoyang (A teacher of Jinan Yuying Secondary School)
　　During secondary school, the psychology of the children is more complicated than at any other time in their life. During this period, they start to independently get to understand society. Some social conflicts and problems will have impacts on their ideology with different levels. Moreover, there are many influences from outside the schools. The seamy side of society, some bad habits seen in the behavior of adults, pornography, and online games all lead them to imitate bad examples, thus forming an incorrect sense of living and ethics in their mind. Therefore, the ideological and moral education of children during this period is especially important.
　　In the ideological and moral education of the minors, parents should cooperate with schools and teachers to develop effective psychological regulations for the students and direct them to develop the orientation that can benefit their growth.
　　Teachers should increase feeling exchanges with them through extra-curricular activities. What merits attention is that these kinds of activities should not be limited to just one course, because this only allows a few of the students to participate. All of the students should be encouraged to participate in the activities to exchange feeling with the teachers. In this way, the ideological and feeling exchanges between the teachers and the students can be strengthened. At the same time, the sense of equality, consciousness of team spirit, and self-confidence of the students can be set up.
　　Message from Liu Zhiheng (A clerk at the China Construction Bank)
　　The ideological and moral education of minors should not be limited to the responsibility of schools and teachers. Family education and social education are also very important. Recently, when Mr. Ji Xianlin, a famous senior professor of Beijing University, talked about strengthening the ideological and moral construction of minors, he also wrote four maxims in Chinese calligraphy for the primary and secondary school students: “(1) Have ardent love for motherland, (2) Show filial obedience to parents, (3) Respect teachers, and (4) Be peaceful with companions.” I think this is a full-fledged and practical requirement for the ideology, morality, and behavior of young people.

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