增施中微量元素肥料对烤烟生长发育及烟叶品质的影响
发布时间:2019-08-25 来源: 幽默笑话 点击:
摘 要:研究了增施颗粒镁肥、颗粒锌肥和硼肥等中微量元素肥料对烤烟生长发育和烟叶品质的影响。结果表明,采用“基肥(N∶P2O5∶K2O=15∶15∶15)、颗粒镁肥(75 kg/hm2)+追肥(N∶P2O5∶K2O=12.5∶0∶33.5粉状)+硫酸钾+叶面喷施硼肥和锌肥”的肥料搭配方式,烤烟的产量、产值分别为3 625.05 kg/667m2和78 897.60元/667m2,分别比对照高347.85 kg/667m2和12 552.00元/667m2,其烟叶化学成分较为协调,成熟度较好。因此,该肥料搭配方式可提高楚雄州烟叶的产量,并改善烟叶品质,建议广泛推广。
关键词:中微量元素;肥料;烤烟;产量;品质
中图分类号:S572.062 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-060X(2016)01-0027-03
Effects of Additional Medium and Trace Element Fertilizers on Growth and Leaf Quality of Flue-Cured Tobacco
CHAI Yun-xia1,GENG Shao-wu1,ZOU Yang1,HU Xiao-dong1,WANG Yue-jin1,
LI Qing-wu1,MA Chun-li2,LIU Shi-ming2
(1.Chuxiong Tobacco Company, Yunnan Tobacco Corporation, Chuxiong 675000, PRC; 2.Yunnan Chuxiong Renheng Chemical Co., Ltd., Chuxiong 675000, PRC)
Abstract:This study was to determine effects of increased application of medium and trace elements such as granular magnesium fertilizer, zinc fertilizer and boron fertilizer on the growth and development and leaf quality of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that with the fertilizer collocation of basic fertilizer(15∶15∶15), granular magnesium fertilizer (75 kg/hm2) + topdressing 12.5∶0∶33.5(powder) + potassium sulfate + foliage spray with boron and zinc fertilizer in the study, the tobacco yield and output value were 54.38 t/hm2 and 1 183 464.00 RMB Yuan/hm2, 5.22 t/hm2 and 188 280.00 RMB Yuan/hm2 higher than the control group, respectively; and the chemical components were also relatively balanced and the maturity was better in the tobacco leaf. So the above collocation of fertilizers could improve the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco in Chuxiong, and should be recommended for demonstration and application in wider areas there.
Key words: medium and trace element; fertilizer; flue cured tobacco; yield; quality
植株生长需要大量的矿质元素,烤烟也不例外。烤烟必需的营养元素需要根据土壤养分含量及其烟株生长吸收情况通过合理施用不同肥料进行调节[1]。适当增施镁、锌、硼肥可促进烟草的生长发育,改善烟株农艺性状,促进干物质积累,改善烟叶品质[2-4]。近年来,烟农过分重视烤烟肥料中大量元素氮、磷、钾养分的配比,而忽视了烤烟中微量元素的供给,造成肥料施用不平衡,同时也导致土壤养分矛盾日益突出[5],部分地区出现缺中微量元素的症状[6-7] 。因此,笔者以镁肥、锌肥和硼肥为材料,研究增施中微量元素肥料对烤烟生长发育和烟叶品质的影响,以期为楚雄州优质烟叶提供有效合理的施肥依据。
1 材料与方法
1.1 试验地点基本情况
试验于2014年在楚雄市东华镇小波岩村进行。试验地地势平坦,紫色土,肥力中等,耕层土壤基本理化性质:土壤ph值为5.64,有机质23.3 g/kg,水解氮168.6 mg/kg,有效磷24.6 mg/kg,速效钾133.00 mg/kg;前茬作物为蚕豆。
1.2 试验材料
供试烤烟品种为K326。基肥1:烟草专用基肥
(N∶P2O5∶K2O=15∶15∶18),B含量1%,Mg含量10%,硝态氮≥50%;基肥2:烟草专用基肥
(N∶P2O5∶K2O=15∶15∶15),硝态氮≥50%。
追肥1:烟草专用追肥颗粒(N∶P2O5∶K2O=
12.5∶0∶33.5),B含量3%,硝态氮≥60%;追肥2:粉状烟草专用追肥(N∶P2O5∶K2O=12.5∶0∶33.5),硝态氮≥60%;硫酸钾、颗粒镁肥、颗粒锌肥、硼肥。上述肥料均由云南楚雄仁恒化肥有限公司提供。
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