种植密度对烤烟叶片光合特性？叶绿素荧光特性及产质量的影响

　　摘要
　　[目的]探索合理的烤烟群体结构。[方法]在田间试验条件下，以烤烟品种龙江911为材料，研究种植密度对烤烟叶片光合特性、叶绿素荧光特性及产质量的影响。[结果]种植密度与净光合速率、单叶重呈显著负相关。随着种植密度的降低，烤烟叶片的气孔导度、光下最大荧光、实际光化学效率升高。种植密度为17 175株/hm2时的蒸腾速率、水分利用效率较高。种植密度为15 150株/hm2时的单叶重虽然最高，但上中等烟率降低了5.11～10.58个百分点，均价降低了0.88～0.99元/kg，产量降低了342～453 kg/hm2，产值下降了8 166～9 273元/hm2。种植密度为19 350株/hm2时的上等烟率、橘色烟率、产量和产值较高。[结论]降低种植密度可提高烤烟叶片的净光合速率和单叶重，但种植密度过低将降低烤烟的产质量。
　　关键词种植密度；烤烟；光合特性；叶绿素荧光特性
　　中图分类号S572文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611（2014）06-01632-03
　　Abstract[Objective] The aim was to explore the reasonable group construction of fluecured tobacco. [Method] Taking the Longjiang 911 as the testing object， a field experiment was conducted to study the influence of different plant densities on the leaf photosynthetic characteristics， the chlorophyll fluorescence， the yield and quality of fluecured tobacco. [Result] The single leaf weight and net photosynthetic rate are significant negative correlation with the plant densities. With reduction of the plant density， the stomatal conductance of leaf of fluecured tobacco， the maximal fluorescence in the light， and photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ in the light increased correspondingly. Under the plant density of 17 175 plants per hectare， the leaf transpiration rate and water use efficiency were the best. When the plant density was 15 150 plants per hectare， the single leaf weight was the highest， but the superior and secondary leaves rate decreased 5.11%-10.58%， the average price reduced 0.88-0.99 CNY per kg， the yield went down 342-453 kg per hectare， and the production value lessened 8 166-9 273 CNY per hectare. Under the plant density of 19 350 plants per hectare， the superior leaves rate， the orange leaves rate， the yield and production value was superior. [Conclusion] It testifies that the net photosynthetic rate and single leaf weight increases with the decrease of planting density， while the yield and quality of fluecured tobacco will be reduced if the planting density is too low.
　　Key words Planting density； Fluecured tobacco； Photosynthetic characteristics； Chlorophyll fluorescence
　　種植密度是决定烤烟产量的一个重要的环境因素，种植密度的变化还直接反馈光合利用率、田间小气候、田间通风状况等烟田环境，影响营养分配、烟田群体与个体的关系，制约着烟田群体的生理生态特性，从而影响烟叶品质的形成[1]。烤烟叶片既是进行光合作用又是储存光合产物的主要器官，且收获叶片是烤烟种植的主要目的。烤烟是喜光作物，光照对烤烟的品质有直接影响。种植密度是决定作物有效截光叶面积、影响群体光合效能和田间微气象的主要因素之一，种植密度的变化会影响作物的质量与产量[2]。长期以来，国内外进行了全面而系统的针对种植密度和烟草光合特性的相关研究[3]，但在东北地区针对龙江特色烟叶品种不同种植密度下烤烟光合和荧光生理指标、叶绿素相对含量以及主要经济性状的变化的相关研究还鲜见报道。为此，笔者开展该研究，旨在探索合理的烤烟群体结构设计，为龙江911烤烟的生产提供参考。
　　1材料与方法
　　1.3.3

相关热词搜索：光合 叶绿素 烤烟 叶片 荧光