不同烤烟品种中部叶主要品质性状差异分析

　　摘  要：为掌握不同烤烟品种中部叶主要品质性状的特征差异，运用描述性统计和方差分析法对我国7个烤烟品种（红大、翠碧1号、KRK26、秦烟96、云烟85、NC55、龙江911）的160个中部叶原烟样品进行对比分析。结果表明：（1）7个烤烟品种中部叶外观质量存在显著差异，各品种外观质量总体变异较小，但所有品种中部叶色度以及红大和KRK26烟叶油分均表现为中等程度变异;（2）7个烤烟品种常规化学成分和烟气品质均存在显著差异，所有品种的常规化学成分以及云烟85、秦烟96和龙江911烟气品质均表现为中等程度变异，红大、NC55、翠碧1号和KRK26烟气品质变异较小;（3）云烟85外观质量综合得分最高81.99分、翠碧1号烟气品质综合得分最高64.64分，翠碧1号、云烟85、红大和KRK26中部叶主要品质性状优于龙江911、秦烟96和NC55。
　　关键词：烤烟;品种;中部叶;外观质量;化学成分;烟气品质;量化分析
　　中图分类号：TS41+1          文章编号：1007-5119（2019）02-0073-07      DOI：10.13496/j.issn.1007-5119.2019.02.011
　　Abstract： In order to understand the variation of main quality traits on middle leaves of different flue-cured tobacco varieties， descriptive statistics and variance analysis were applied to conduct a comparative analysis on 160 raw tobacco samples of the middle leaves of China’s seven flue-cured tobacco varieties （Cuibi 1， Honghuadajinyuan， KRK26， Qinyan 96， Yunyan 85， NC55， Longjiang 911）. The results showed that： （1） there was significant difference in the appearance quality of the middle leaves from the seven flue-cured tobacco varieties， and the overall variation of the appearance quality of the seven flue-cured tobacco varieties was relatively small. However， both the colors of the middle leaves from the seven varieties after modulation and the oil content of Hongda and KRK26 tobacco showed moderate variation; （2） There was significant difference in the conventional chemical constituents as well as smoke quality among the seven flue-cured tobacco varieties. The chemical constituents of all the varieties and smoke quality of Yunyan 85， Qinyan 96， and Longjiang 911 were all of moderate variation. The variation of smoke quality of Hongda， NC55， Cuibi 1， and KRK26 was small; （3） Yunyan 85 ranked first in the appearance quality， whose comprehensive score was 81.99; Cuibi 1 ranked first in smokequality， whose comprehensive score was 64.64; the main quality traits of the middle leaves from Cuibi 1， Yunyan 85， Hongda， and KRK26 were superior to those of Longjiang 911， Qinyan 96， and NC55.
　　烤煙品种是烟叶生产的基础，对烟叶的产量和品质具有较大影响[1]。就某一特定的生态环境而言，品种是影响烤烟质量诸多因素中的最重要的[2-3]，而中部叶品质性状又很大程度上代表了该品种烟叶风格特征和工业可用性[4-5]。随着近几年烟叶生产技术水平不断提高，精准施肥、密集烘烤、散叶烘烤等技术在全国各大烟区逐渐得到普及，各品种烟叶外观及内在品质也不可避免地受到影响。目前就不同烤烟品种烟叶品质性状的研究多集中于常规化学成分[6-8]及其可用性评价[9-11]，并且多以区域性特征为主。但由于品种特性存在差异，仅局限在某一生态条件下的研究结论往往难以反映品种间烟叶品质的真实差异。杜坚[12]等首次对全国种植规模最大的云烟87品种在不同生态区初烤烟叶的化学成分及感官风格进行了对比分析，本研究借鉴杜坚等的模式，从全国7个烤烟品种代表性产区按照统一的取样等级和评价标准，对7个不同烤烟品种中部叶的主要品质性状进行横向对比分析，减少区域生态条件的影响，从而有利于更好地认识不同烤烟品种烟叶品质特性，为卷烟工业企业采购原料和开发特色优质烟叶提供参考。

相关热词搜索：烤烟 性状 差异 品种 品质