烟稻连作田施用不同氮磷钾配比肥料对烤烟抗病性的影响
发布时间:2019-08-23 来源: 幽默笑话 点击:
摘要[目的] 为了研究烟稻连作田施肥与烤烟生长的关系。[方法] 在湖南浏阳烟稻连作田进行烤烟3个氮磷钾配比肥料试验,N∶P2O5∶K2O比例分别为1.0∶1.0∶3.5、1.0∶1.0∶3.0、1.0∶2.0∶2.0, 分别以处理①~③表示。[结果] 基肥氮磷钾配比对烤烟叶面积、叶面积指数及其变化过程的影响不大;处理②和③的烤烟节间距比处理①有所减小;除烟草花叶病外,处理①和②的黑胫病、青枯病发病率在0.05水平显著低于处理③,处理②3种病害发病率最低;3个处理烟叶氮、磷、钙、镁、硫含量相差很小,处理 ①烟叶钾含量比处理②和③高,肥料中钾肥含量高有利于烟叶钾含量的提高。[结论]不同氮磷钾配比肥料对烤烟生长产生影响,其中处理②对黑胫病和青枯病发病率的影响最低。
关键词烤烟;肥料;连作;病害
中图分类号S572文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2014)02-00424-02
Abstract[Objective] The research aimed to study the relationship between fertilizers and tobacco growth. [Method] An experiment including three fertilizers of differential proportion of N,P and K were practiced in tobaccorice succession cropping field at Liuyang in Hunan Province. N∶P2O5∶K2O of treatment ①~③ was 1.0∶1.0∶3.5,1.0∶1.0∶3.0 and 1.0∶2.0∶2.0,respectively. [Result] NPK proportion of basic fertilizers had less effect on tobacco leaves areas,index of leaf areas and its course. Tobacco burl distances of treatment ② and ③ were shorter than that of treatment ①. Except tobacco mosaic disease,the phytophthora and ralstonia solanacearum rate of treatment ① and ② were lower significantly than those of treatment ③. That of treatment ② was the lowest of them. The content of nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and sulfur in tobacco leaves was similar basically among the treatments. The potassium content of treatment ① was higher than that of treatment ② or ③. The high potassium content of fertilizer could improve the potassium content of tobacco leaves. [Conclusion] The proportion of N,P and K fertilizers had the effects on tobacco growth. The phytophthora and ralstonia solanacearum rate of treatment ② were lower than that of treatment ① or ③.
Key words Fluecured tobacco; Fertilizer; Succession cropping; Disease
烤烟是我国重要的经济作物之一。烟叶产量和烤烟种植面积均居世界第一[1]。烤烟是忌连作作物[2]。连作对烤烟产量和烟叶品质有不利的影响。晋艳等[3]对烤烟连续4年进行定位连作和轮作的对比研究,发现连作烤烟的田间长势、产量、产值和外观质量均低于轮作,连作烤烟的产量、产值、中上等烟比例和均价分别为轮作的59.12%、29.93%、52.07%和50.06%。王连君等[4]对连作烟田土壤养分的变化进行了研究,发现连作2年烟田土壤养分变化不大,但烤烟连作3年以后土壤全氮和速效钾含量降低,全磷、碱解氮和速效磷含量有所增加,土壤有机质含量降低,pH上升。丁海兵等[5]研究了烤烟连作对烟田不同粒级土壤酶活性变化的影响。施肥是现代烟草生产的一个必需环节。人们十分希望通过合理施肥提高烤烟抗病性,克服烤烟连作障碍。目前,大量的研究表明氮素的施用量在一定水平时能够增强作物对病害的抵抗力,但超过此施氮水平后,对作物抗病性有负作用[6-11]。磷钾与其他养分[7,12-17]的协调施用及作物对养分的均衡吸收可以增强作物的抗病性,尤其是钾肥的施用和作物体内钾含量的提高能够显著增强作物对病害的抵抗力。姚玉霞等[18]研究了烤烟野火病发病率与烟叶内氮素含量之间的关系,发现烟叶氮素含量越高,野火病发病率越高。高洁等[19]研究了氮、钾肥的施用量与烤烟野火病发病率的关系,发现氮肥施用量越大,烤烟野火病发病率越高;钾肥施用量越高,烤烟野火病发病率越低。目前,关于施用不同氮、磷、钾配比肥料对烤烟病害发生影响的报道较少。为此,笔者观察了不同氮、磷、钾配比肥料在烟稻连作区对烤烟部分病害发病率的影响。
1.3调查项目与方法在每个小区固定能代表整个小区长势的烟株3株,移栽后约7 d测量叶长和叶宽,在烟叶采收结束时测量烟株的节间距,在目标病害发病高峰期调查病株数,在烘烤结束后取烟叶样品测定矿质成分含量。
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