美国“综合学校体力活动计划”解读及启示

　　摘 要：美國“综合学校体力活动计划”（CSPAP）基于青少年儿童的体力活动远低于推荐标准，超重肥胖成为公共健康问题的背景下提出，是在青少年体力活动促进领域具有较大潜力的一项计划。CSPAP的主要目标是通过高质量的体育课、上学前中后体力活动、教职员工和家庭社区的参与，创设学校体力活动的文化氛围和机会，激发和促进青少年儿童追求终身体力活动的生活方式；CSPAP的特征在于内容架构基于大量的调查数据与实证研究；实施高质量的身体教育，提供体力活动的机会；对体育教师进行系统、专业的培训；实施计划中强调合作，具有完善的评估和监督体系。CSPAP对我国开展阳光体育运动的启示：加强科学研究，从社会生态学视角制定与之配套的体力活动计划；重视体育教育的基础和中心作用，加大对体育教师的培训力度；创设体力活动的文化与环境，提供体力活动的机会；制定相关的支持政策，建立评价和监督机制。
　　关 键 词：学校体育；综合学校体力活动计划；阳光体育运动；美国
　　中图分类号：G807 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116（2018）02-0098-07
　　An interpretation of and inspirations from the Comprehensive
　　School Physical Activity Program of the United States
　　CHEN Hua-wei1，DOU Li2，JIANG Ye1
　　（1.Department of Physical Education，Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics，Nanjing 210016，China；
　　2.Department of Physical Education，Nanjing Forestry University，Nanjing 210016，China）
　　Abstract： The Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program （CSPAP） of the United States was put forward under t such a background as that the physical activities of teenagers and children were far lower than recommended standards and obesity had become a public health problem； it is a program with great potentials in the teenager physical activity promotion area. The CSPAP’s main objectives are to create school physical activity cultural atmospheres and opportunities， and to inspire and promote teenagers and children to pursue such a lifestyle as lifetime physical activity， by means of high quality physical education classes， physical activities before， during and after school， and the participation of staff members， families and communities； The CSPAP’s characteristics are as follows： its content framework is based on a lot of investigation data and empirical study； it implements high quality physical education， and provides opportunities for physical activities； it carries out systematic and specialized training on physical education teachers； it emphasizes cooperation in implementation plans， having a complete evaluation and supervision system. The CSPAP’s inspirations to developing Sunshine Sports in China are as follows： strengthen scientific research， establish a physical activity program that matches up with it from the perspective of social ecology； value the bases and central roles of physical education， reinforce physical education teacher training； create physical activity culture and environments， provide opportunities for physical activities； establish related supporting policies， build evaluation and supervision mechanisms.

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