浅析如何提高烤烟上部叶可用性

发布时间:2019-08-23 来源: 日记大全 点击:


  摘 要:烤烟上部叶可用性差的问题一直是行业内比较关注的热点,其限制了国内卷烟大品牌的发展。通过对影响烤烟上部叶的各种因素进行了综述,认为提高上部叶可用性必须将烤烟生产技术、烘烤调制工艺以及经济政策等各环节系统地结合起来,并且根据每个烟区的生态环境、生产条件、烘烤水平等实际情况制定对应的提高该地区上部叶可用性的解决措施。提高上部叶可用性是中国烟草行业急需解决的问题,期望能为行业同仁提供丰富的理论依据和参考思路。
  关键词:烤烟;上部叶;可用性
  中图分类号:S5 文献标志码:A 论文编号:2013-0925
  Analysis of How to Improve the Usability of Upper Leaves of Flue-cured Tobacco
  Chen Gang1,2, Zhou Qingming1, Tian Yun2,3, Xu Xiangli4, Li Chaorong5, Yang Hongmei5, Yi Ke4
  (1College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China;
  2Hunan Agricultural Bioengineering Research Institute, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China;
  3College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China;
  4China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co., Ltd., Changsha 410006, Hunan, China;
  5Yunxian Lincang Branch, China Tobacco Yunnan Provincial Corporation, Lincang 675800, Yunnan, China)
  Abstract: The weak usability of upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco is the key problem in the tobacco industry, which limited the development of big cigarette brands in our country. This article had summarized various factors of influencing the flue-cured tobacco, and it was considered that it should reasonably fall together all segments include the flue-cured tobacco production technology, baking technologies, economic policies and so on, for improving the usability of upper leaves of flue-cured. Furthermore, it also should formulate the corresponding countermeasures of every flue-cured tobacco production area on the basis of the environment, plant conditions, baking levels and other realistic conditions. Improving usability of upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco is the urgent problem in the tobacco industry, so it is expected that the article might provide abundant theoretical foundation and references ideas for tobacco industry colleagues.
  Key words: Flue-cured Tobacco; Upper Leaves; Usability
  0 引言
  伴随着国内卷烟重点骨干品牌的加速成长壮大,优质烟叶数量短缺的问题日益明显,如何稳定原料支撑,保证原料数量和质量的稳定已成为考验工业企业的一大难题。国内上部烟叶的一直存在开片差、成熟度低、烟碱含量、烟气刺激性大、香气量低等缺点,严重影响了其内在质量和配方可用性。调查表明:在目前的一、二类卷烟配方中,国产上部烟叶的使用比重不高,更多地是依赖于数量有限的腰叶和进口烟叶,从而制约了中国大品牌一、二类卷烟的发展[1]。随着国家烟草专卖局“减害降焦”战略目标以及烟叶资源配置改革的实施,上部烟叶在重点品牌中的使用已经成为企业发展的必然选择,提高上部叶可用性也是烟草行业不可回避的重要研究课题。
  近年来,关于提高烤烟上部叶可用性的研究有很多,大家针对栽培措施、采收方式、烘烤调制、化学调控和卷烟工艺等不同的方面做了很多工作,对改善上部叶的可用性起到了一定的作用。然而,烟叶生产是一项系统工程,从大田生产到卷烟工艺的整个流程中的各环节都是紧密相关的,任何一个环节的失误都将影响到烟叶的质量和可用性。因此,改变其中任何一个过程对提高上部叶可用性的作用是有限的,只有将各环节兼顾结合起来,才能真正地提高烤烟上部叶可用性。笔者阐述了影响上部叶可用性的各因素,以期能为广大烟草科研工作人员提供一些理论依据和参考思路。

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