湖南浓香型烤烟生态评价模型与生态因子贡献率研究

　　摘 要：为揭示与湖南典型浓香型烤烟风格特色密切相关的生态因子，以湖南桂阳县、江华县和隆回县气象资料和土壤样本为基础数据，运用逐步多元回归分析方法，构建湖南浓香型烤烟生态评价模型并分析各生态因子的贡献率。结果表明，与彰显湖南典型浓香型烤烟风格特色密切相关的生态因子是伸根期日照时数和空气相对湿度、旺长期降水量、成熟期均温以及土壤碱解氮和速效钾含量；对湖南浓香型烤烟香气特征贡献较大的生态因子是伸根期日照时数、旺长期均温及成熟期空气相对湿度，并且旺长期均温对浓香型烟叶香气量的影响大于香气质；对以香型彰显度、焦甜香、焦香、香气质、香气量等感官评吸指标为因变量建立的湖南浓香型烤烟生态评价模型进行验证的结果表明，5个生态评价模型可以较为准确地预判湖南不同产区烟叶的风格特征与典型浓香型烟叶是否存在差距。
　　关键词：浓香型；生态；评价模型；贡献率
　　中图分类号：S572 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1006-060X（2015）12-0066-06
　　Study on Ecological Evaluation Model of Flavored Type Flue-cured Tobacco in Hunan and the Contribution Ratio of Ecological Factors
　　YANG Hong-wu，CHEN Yi，YANG Hong-qi，SUN Shu-bin，YANG Jun-xing
　　（Key Laboratory of Tobacco Science and Health， Hunan Agricultural University， Changsha 410128， PRC）
　　Abstract：In order to reveal the ecological factors which were closely related to the style features of strong flavor type flue-cured tobacco in Hunan， we chose the weather data and soil sample from Guiyang， Jianghua and Longhui county， and used the stepwise multiple regression analysis method， and then built a ecological evaluation model of flavored type flue-cured tobacco and analyzed the contribution ratio of every ecological factor. The results showed that： The closely related ecological factors were sunshine hours of root stretching stage， relative air humidity of maturing stage， prosperously growing stage precipitation， average temperature of maturing stage， soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and soil available potassium； the larger contribution rate ecological factors were sunshine hours of root stretching stage， average temperature of maturing stage and relative air humidity of maturing stage， and the influence of average temperature of maturing stage to quality of aroma was larger than volume of aroma； the ecological evaluation model which built on flavor degree of display， burnt sweetness aroma， burnt aroma， quality of aroma and volume of aroma was tested and the results showed that all the 5 ecological evaluation models could accurate forecast the style feature difference between the strong flavor type flue-cured tobacco and others in Hunan tobacco-growing area.
　　Key words： strong flavor type flu-cured tobacco； ecological； evaluation model； contribution ratio
　　生态环境是决定烤烟风格特色的主要因素，这一观点已被国内外众多试验研究所证实[1-3]。近年来，针对特色烟叶生态适宜性评价模型的研究逐渐深入，如吴克宁等[4]在生态适宜性评价模型中首次引入模糊综合评判法；张久权[5]、李锡宏[6]、陈海生[7]、王洪云[8]等分别对山东、湖北、河南、云南等烟区的生态适宜性评价模型进行了分析研究，其结果为当地烤烟种植区提供了有力支撑。湖南是全国最大的浓香型烤烟产区，湖南烟区得天独厚的生态环境无疑是造就其烟叶“浓香、焦甜、透发、醇厚”风格特色的基础。然而，由于地理位置和地形地貌的差异对烟区生态环境的影响，导致湖南不同地域生产的浓香型烤烟在风格特征方面呈现出明显的区域性差异。

相关热词搜索：生态 烤烟 湖南 因子 贡献率