移栽期、施肥和品种对烤烟清香型风格的影响

　　摘 要：為明确移栽期、施肥和品种对烤烟清香型风格的影响，优化烤烟栽培技术，为彰显烟叶特色提供理论基础，在云南3个点开展移栽期、施肥和品种3因素正交试验。结果显示，移栽期对烤烟清香型风格的影响最大，其次是施肥和品种。直观分析显示，移栽期、施肥和品种对烤烟清香型风格的贡献率分别为44.4%、25.7%和29.9%。适当提前移栽可凸显清香型烟叶风格，过早移栽或延迟移栽不利于清香型烟叶风格的表达；由于烤烟清香型凸显程度与降雨量、日均温和日温差呈显著相关，可以利用打顶后的降雨和日均温判断移栽期对烤烟香型风格的影响。在品种与气候的双重影响下，增施氮不利于清香型风格的表达，在本试验条件下施氮量不宜超过105 kg/hm2；不同品种在不同地点风格凸显程度存在差异，峨山表现为K326>云烟87>NC71，宁洱为云烟87>K326>红花大金元，华宁为K326>云烟87>红花大金元。因此，不同区域通过选择烤烟品种、适当提前移栽、中低水平氮肥施用有利清香型特色烟叶形成。
　　关键词：移栽期；施肥；品种；清香型
　　中图分类号：S572.062 文章编号：1007-5119（2017）02-0001-07 DOI：10.13496/j.issn.1007-5119.2017.02.001
　　The Cooperative Regulation of Transplanting Date， Fertilization and Varieties on Fen Flavor of Flue-cured Tobacco
　　LIU Qingli1， ZHANG Yungui1， XU Yanli1， LI Junying2， LI Zhihong1*
　　（1. Institute of Agricultural Resource and Agricultural Planning， CAAS， Beijing 100081， China； 2. Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences， Yuxi， Yunnan 653100， China）
　　Abstract： To provide theoretical basis for the characteristics of tobacco flavor， this study aims to investigate the effects of transplanting date， fertilization and variety on refreshing fragrance of flue-cured tobacco and to optimize cooperatively cultivation technology. We carried on a three-factor-orthogonal test including transplanting stage， nitrogen and varieties. The results suggested that the influence of transplanting date on refreshing fragrance was the largest， followed by variety and fertilization. The contribution rate of transplanting， fertilizer and varieties on refreshing fragrance of flue-cured tobacco were 44.4%， 25.7% and 29.9%， respectively according to the range analysis of orthogonal test. Changing date of transplanting makes the relationship between meteorological factors and flue-cured tobacco growth change. The style of refreshing fragrance was better manifested when transplanting-date was earlier. Conversely， the refreshing fragrance was delimited by delaying transplantation. There was a significant correlation between Fen flavor of flue-cured tobacco and precipitation and daily average temperature and daily temperature difference. We can use rainfall and daily average temperature after topping to judge the effects of transplanting date on tobacco flavor style. In the dual effects of varieties and climate， excessive application of nitrogen is not conducive to the expression of Fen flavor. Nitrogen amount should not exceed 105 kg/ha in this experimental condition. There were differences in the expression of the style of different varieties in different locations， for example， K326>Yunyan87>NC71 in E’shan， Yunyan87>K326>Honghuadajinyuan in Ning’er， K326>Yunyan87>Honghuadajinyuan in Huaning. In conclusion， growers in different regions can choose tobacco varieties， do early transplanting appropriately， and lower fertilization to improve the flavor characteristics.

相关热词搜索：移栽 烤烟 香型 施肥 品种