改革开放以来我国老年人体育政策研究

发布时间:2018-06-24 来源: 人生感悟 点击:


  摘 要:依据我国老年人体育政策年出台数量的变化和走势,结合不同时期体育政策制定主体、政策内容和社会支持主体的特点,将我国老年人体育政策发展历程分为政策肇始、政策探索、政策发展和政策深化4个阶段。我国老年人体育政策演进的主要特征表现为制定主体范围不断扩大、政策的内容更加具体和社会支持主体日益多元化3个方面,但还存在着政策制定各主体联动性不够、政策制定过程中社会参与不足、政策内容缺乏衔接性、政策内容可操作性不强及政策难以调动各社会支持主体的积极性等问题。研究建议从加强跨部门多领域协作,扩大社会参与老年人体育政策制定的渠道;细化政策内容,提高政策质量和可操作性;创新政策激励机制,鼓励各社会支持主体积极参与老年人体育事业;政策制定要未雨绸缪,面向未来。
  关 键 词:体育管理;体育政策;老年人
  中图分类号:G80-05 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-7116(2018)02-0027-07
  A study of Chinese elderly sports policy since the reform and opening
  FAN Cheng-wen1,2,LIU Qing2
  (1.School of Physical Education,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410012,China;
  2.School of Physical Education,Hunan University of Technology,Zhuzhou 412008,China)
  Abstract: According to the changing and trend of the numbers of Chinese elderly sports policies issued each year, coupled with the characteristics of Chinese elderly sports policy establishment subjects, policy contents and social support subjects in different periods, the authors divided the course of development of Chinese elderly sports policies into such 4 stages as policy initiation, policy exploration, policy development and policy deepening. The main characteristics of evaluation of Chinese elderly sports policies are embodied in such 3 aspects as constant expansion of the scope of establishment subjects, more specific policy contents, and ever increasingly diversified social support subjects, however, there are still such problems as insufficient linking between various policy establishment subjects, inadequate social participation in the process of policy establishment, lack of connection between policy contents, not high enough operability of policy contents, the policies having difficulty to arouse the enthusiasm of various social support subjects, and such. The authors put forward the following proposals: strengthen trans-department multi-area cooperation, expand the channels for social participation and elderly sports policy establishment; refine policy contents, enhance policy quality and operability; innovate on policy stimulation mechanism, encourage various social support subjects to actively participate in elderly sports undertaking; policy establishment should face the future and plan ahead; and such.
  Key words: sports management;sports policy;the elderly
  當前,我国人口老龄化形势非常严峻。据国家统计局发布的数据,截至2016年底我国60周岁及以上人口2.3亿,占总人口的16.7%;65周岁及以上人口1.5亿,占总人口的10.8%[1]。预计到2020年,我国老年人口将达到2.43亿。在我国老龄化快速发展进程中,少子无子家庭剧增,空巢、失能、高龄、贫困等多种现象叠加,各种老龄问题短期内同步呈现,给社会经济发展带来严重挑战[2]。体育作为积极应对人口老龄化的便捷、经济、有效方式及老年人保持健康、延缓衰老的理想途径,得到了政府的高度认可并出台了一系列相关政策来保障老年人的体育权益。所谓老年人体育政策,是指政府为了保障老年人体育权益而制定的与老年人体育发展息息相关的法律法规和计划措施,也是党和国家在一定历史时期内为保证老年人体育按着既定路线发展而制定的行为准则,规定与指导着老年人体育发展的方向。本研究的老年人体育政策,既包括政府相关部门专门针对老年人制定的体育政策,也包括其他相关政策中关系到老年人体育的政策。通过梳理1978年改革开放以来我国相关部门出台的老年人体育政策文本,总结老年人体育政策的发展历程和演化特点,剖析老年人体育政策存在的问题,并预测未来老年人体育政策的发展方向,旨在为相关部门制定和完善老年人体育政策提供参考。

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