烤烟成熟过程中烟叶化学成分和干物质变化规律研究
发布时间:2019-08-25 来源: 人生感悟 点击:
摘 要:为了解烟叶生理变化,掌握品种特性,以龙江911、JY-2-03和云87为试验材料,同等试验条件下,测定根系发育情况,叶绿素含量,鲜叶的主要化学成分以及烘烤后烟叶化学成分。结果表明,根鲜干重在移栽后70~80 d积累最快,并且根系活力达到最强。鲜叶总糖含量在移栽后40~50 d时有所下降,50~70 d开始上升,移栽后70 d又开始下降;还原糖含量的变化在整个生育期先升后降;总植物碱含量先上升后下降,移栽后70~80 d对烟碱的积累很关键。
关键词:烤烟;化学;干物质
中图分类号:S572 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-060X(2017)06-0077-04
Chemical Composition and Dry Matter Change of Tobacco Leaves during the Ripening of Flue-Cured Tobacco
SUN Li-juan1,AN Cheng-rong1,WU Guo-he1,QI Xiao2,SHAN Jia-jie2,GAO Ge-nong2,JIANG Zheng-yi2
(1. Agricultural Sciences Research Institute of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, Longjing 133400, PRC; 2. China National Tobacco Corp Jilin Corporation, Changchun 131000, PRC)
Abstract:In order to understand the physiological changes of tobacco leaves and master varietal characteristics, took Longjiang 911, JY-2-03 and Yun 87 as test material, under the same test conditions, the root development, chlorophyll content, the main chemical components of fresh leaves and the chemical components of flue-cured tobacco leaves were determined. The results showed that the root dry weight was accumulating fastest after transplanting 70-80 days, and the root vigor was the strongest.The total sugar content of fresh leaves decreased after transplanting 40-50 days, 50-70 days began to rise, and decline after 70 days; the content of reducing sugar increased first and then decreased at the whole growth stage; the total alkaloid content increased first and then decreased, after transplanting 70-80 days is the key to nicotine accumulation.
Key words:flue-cured tobacco; chemistry; dry matter
烤烟是特殊的叶用经济作物。烟株干物质积累及其在根、茎、叶器官中的分配比例,不仅是衡量烤烟生长发育的重要指标,而且是烟叶产量与质量形成的物质基础。烟株干物质积累及其分配受生态环境、土壤、烤烟品种及栽培措施等诸多因素影响[1-3],了解烤烟干物质积累和氮、磷、钾吸收动态变化规律,有助于采取有效措施调控生长发育过程,提高烟叶的产量和质量[4]。
1 材料与方法
1.1 供试材料
试验材料为烤烟品种龙江911、JY-2-03和云87。
1.2 试验方法
试验在延边农科院试验田进行,前茬作物为大豆,秋翻、春耙、春起垄。株行距0.5 m×1.2 m。每个品种种植面积为60 m2,不設重复。施肥和栽培等技术参照一般生产田技术规程进行。
1.3 测定项目
烟株进入旺长期起至烟叶成熟,每隔10 d测定根、茎、叶鲜干重,根体积和根系活力。同时测定叶绿素含量,并取鲜叶烘干,测定鲜叶的主要化学成分:总糖、还原糖、总植物碱、总氮、蛋白质、氯和钾含量。各项指标测定方法为:总糖和还原糖,YC/T159—2002烟草及烟草制品水溶性糖测定(连续流动法);总氮,YC/T33—1996烟草及烟草制品总氮的测定(克达尔法);蛋白质,间接法测定;氯,YC/T162—2011烟草及烟草制品氯的测定(连续流动法);钾,YC/T217—2007烟草及烟草制品钾的测定(连续流动法);叶绿素,SPAD仪器测定;根系活力,TTC法测定。
1.4 数据处理
试验所得数据均取平均值,采用Excel和DPS软件对试验数据进行统计分析,并用Duncan’s新复极差法进行多重比较。
2 结果与分析
2.1 干物质积累
2.1.1 根茎叶鲜重变化 由图1可知,根系鲜重是逐渐增加的,移栽后70~80 d增加最快,且3个品种根系鲜重在生育前期基本相似,移栽后60 d开始鲜重差距逐渐拉大,JY-2-03鲜重最高接近800 g。茎鲜重在移栽后60~70 d增加较快,JY-2-03茎鲜重大于其他2个品种。叶片鲜重生长速度快,JY-2-03和龙江911在移栽后50~60 d增长最快,云87在移栽后70~80 d鲜重增长最快。
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