采收方式对烤烟上部烟叶色素和多酚化合物的影响
发布时间:2019-08-25 来源: 人生感悟 点击:
摘要 [目的]研究不同采收方式对烤烟上部烟叶色素和多酚化合物的影响。[方法]3种采收方式分别为上部6片叶一次性摘采、上部6片叶一次性砍采、上部6片叶每次采收2片。研究其对上部烟叶叶黄素、β胡萝卜素、其他类胡萝卜素、多酚化合物含量的影响。[结果]上部6片叶一次性砍烤处理的烟叶叶黄素、β-胡萝卜素、其他类胡萝卜素在烘烤过程中降解慢,烤后烟叶色素类化合物含量高于其他2个处理。上部6片叶一次性砍烤处理在烘烤过程中能够显著提高多酚类化合物含量,有利于提高烟叶的外观质量和内在品质。[结论]建议推行上部6片叶一次性砍烤技术,促进优质烟叶的生产。
关键词 采收方式;色素;多酚;烤烟
中圖分类号 S572 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2017)06-0020-02
Effects of Harvesting Methods on the Pigments and Polyphenol Compounds in Upper Leaves of Flue-cured Tobacco
WANG Xiao-bing,MIAO Run-long,LIU Ying-hua et al (Pengshui Branch of Chongqing Tobacco Company,Chongging 409600)
Abstract [Objective] To research the effects of harvesting methods on the pigments and polyphenol compounds in upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco.[Method] There were three harvesting treatments,which were one-time picking of the six upper leaves,one-time cutting and curing of the six upper leaves,harvesting two leaves each time.The effects of three harvesting methods on the lutein,β-carotene,other carotenoids,and polyphenol compounds were researched.[Result] Contents of lutein,β-carotene,other carotenoids slowly degraded during curing in treatment of one-time cutting and curing of the six upper leaves.The pigments contents after curing were higher than those in other two treatments.One-time cutting and curing of the six upper leaves could significantly enhance the content of polyphenol compounds,which was helpful to increase the appearance quality and inner quality of tobacco leaves.[Conclusion] It is suggested to promote the treatment of one-time cutting and curing of the six upper leaves,so as to promote the production of tobacco leaves.
Key words Harvesting method;Pigment;Polyphenols;Flue-cured tobacco
烟叶的外观质量和内在品质与烤后烟叶中质体色素含量有着紧密的联系,色素及其降解产物是烤后烟叶产生致香物质的重要来源之一。烟草品种、调制方法、生育发育过程中相关代谢物积累是决定烟叶中色素含量的重要因素[1]。国内外许多研究发现,在所测定的中性挥发性香气物质中,烟叶质体色素降解产物占到其总量的85%~96%[2]。多酚类化合物主要影响烟叶的外观质量和感官质量,对烟叶的颜色有着最直接的作用;同时,在烟草的生长发育、调制特性、烟叶色泽、烟气香气味和烟气生理强度等方面起重要作用,含量约占烟叶干重的0.40%~6.04%[3]。该试验通过设计上部6片叶一次性摘采、上部6片叶一次性砍采、上部6片叶每次采收2片3种不同的采收方式处理,研究其对上部烟叶色素和多酚类物质含量的影响,从而为优质烟叶生产,提高烟叶香气质量和综合品质提供理论依据[4]。
1 材料与方法
1.1 试验地概况
试验于彭水县小厂科技试验园进行。试验地前作为玉米,轮作良好,土质红壤灌,排方便,肥力水平中等。
1.2 试验材料 供试品种为云烟87。
1.3 试验方法 试验共设3个处理,分别为处理①:上部烟叶6片叶一次性摘采;处理②:上部烟叶6片叶一次性砍采;处理③:上部烟叶6片叶每次采收2片。小区面积100 m2,随机排列,3次重复。供试烟株于5月10日进行移栽,田间生产管理按照优质烟叶生产规范进行。
采取颜色、叶片大小相对一致、素质基本相同的烟叶,随机取样,用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)法[5]测定烤后烟叶色素和多酚化合物含量。
2 结果与分析
2.1 采收方式对上部烟叶色素类化合物含量的影响
2.1.1 采收方式对上部烟叶叶黄素含量的影响。
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