不同生态区域烤烟烟叶香气物质分析

　　摘要：为明确不同生态区域烤烟关键香气物质种类，并依据香气物质对不同生态区域进行分类，采用正己烷常温萃取法和液相-气相-质谱联用技术对不同烤烟风格6个生态区域烤烟烟叶香气物质进行测定。结果表明，不同生态区域烟叶有14种香气物质差异显著，贵州中部山区烟叶中巨豆三烯酮等8种香气物质含量显著高于其他产区。主成分分析表明，巨豆三烯酮、茄酮和降茄二酮是不同风格烤烟的关键香气物质；以贵州中部山区烟叶香气物质的主成分得分排名最高，云贵高原产区排名最低。通过主成分聚类分析将6个生态区划分为3类，第1类以贵州中部山区为主；第2类以秦巴山区为主；第3类以武陵山区为主，而山东产区、东北产区和云贵高原产区的取样点分别在第2、3类中分布。基于烟叶香气物质含量的不同生态区烤烟评价和分类是可行的。
　　关键词：不同生态区域；烤烟；香气物质
　　中图分类号：TS41+1文章编号：1007-5119（2015）03-0001-07 DOI：10.13496/j.issn.1007-5119.2015.03.001
　　Abstract： The main purpose of this study was to explore the key aroma in flue-cured tobacco leaves， and to classify different ecological regions tobacco based on this. Seventeen aroma were analyzed by N-hexane solvent extraction and liquid chromatography-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （LC-GC-MS） method with 115 flue-cured tobacco samples collected from 25 sampling points in six ecological regions. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were conducted on the determination results of aroma. Results showed that the contents of fourteen aroma components were significantly different among flue-cured tobacco leaves from different ecological regions.Moreover， eight aroma components including megastigmatrienonelin flue-cured tobacco leaves of mountainous areas of central Guizhou were significantly higher than the other regions. Principal component analysis suggested that the key of aroma components in flue-cured tobacco leaves included megastigmatrienonel，solanone and norsolandione. The highest score of principal component was from the mountainous areas of central Guizhou， while the lowest score was from Yunnan， Guizhou plateau production areas. Using principal component-cluster analysis method based on the contents of aroma components in flue-cured tobacco leaves， the six ecological regions tobacco in this study could be divided into three clusters， with the first one represented by the mountainous areas of central Guizhou， the second one represented by the mountainous areas of Qinba， and the third one represented by the mountainous areas of Wuling. In addition， the sampling points of Shandong production areas， Northeast production areas and Yunnan， Guizhou plateau production areas belonged to the second and third cluster respectively. Aroma components can be used in evaluating and classificationofflue-cured tobaccofrom different ecological regions.
　　Keywords： different ecological regions； flue-cured tobacco；aroma
　　我国烤烟按其香气风格分为清香型、中间香型和浓香型三大类，其中，中间香型所占的比例最高。中间香型烟叶产区从云贵高原到长白山麓，产区跨度大，生态条件相差悬殊。不同生态区之间烟叶风格特色差别较大，烟叶质量特色或风格与生态条件、品种、栽培措施、调制方法等多种因素有关[1-4]，其中，生态条件是主要影响因素[5]。生态条件等因素造成的烟叶香气物质含量和比例的差异是烟叶香气风格不同的重要原因[6]。因此，人们围绕烟叶香气物质开展了大量研究。有研究认为，烟叶中新植二烯和类胡萝卜素降解产物的含量对烟叶香气质量有重要影响[7-8]；王能如等[9]认为大马酮、巨豆三烯酮、茄酮等最能代表我国烤烟主体香味成分；李章海等[10]认为不同产区烟叶香气指数的差异由茄酮、大马酮等主导。综上所述，烟叶质体色素和西柏烷类降解产物对香气质量贡献较大[3，8-9，11]；但由于烟叶香气物质种类的多样性及其与烟叶质量关系的复杂性，目前，烟叶关键香气物质评价指标并未得到广泛认同。为此，本研究以不同风格烤烟生态区烟叶样品为研究对象，分析不同生态区烤烟香气物质的差异，筛选烟叶关键香气物质指标，以期为特色优质烟叶开发和烟叶香型风格产区定位提供理论依据。

相关热词搜索：烤烟 烟叶 香气 物质 生态