密集烘烤关键温度点不同稳温时间烟叶主要化学成分的动态变化?
发布时间:2019-08-24 来源: 人生感悟 点击:
摘要[目的] 研究在密集烘烤过程中关键温度点的稳温时间对烟叶化学成分影响的动态变化。[方法] 以K326品种为材料,针对密集烘烤存在的干物质降解不充分和香气物质不足的问题,在湖南省浏阳市开展了密集烘烤关键温度点不同稳温时间烟叶化学成分动态变化研究。[结果]试验表明,在密集烘烤过程中,42 ℃前烟叶淀粉含量迅速下降、总糖和还原糖含量及糖碱比迅速升高;42~47 ℃,烟叶淀粉含量缓慢下降、总糖和还原糖含量缓慢升高;在47 ℃后,烟叶淀粉、总糖、还原糖含量及糖碱比基本保持稳定,变化很小。烟叶烟碱、总氮含量随烘烤进程略呈下降趋势,但变化较小;氮碱比变化不大。[结论]在烟叶变黄期和定色期适当增加稳温时间,可使烤后烟叶化学成分更加协调。
关键词密集烘烤;稳温时间;化学成分;动态变化
中图分类号S572文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2014)36-13170-04
Abstract[Objective] To study the dynamic changes of major chemical components of fluecured tobacco leaf in bulkcuring of different stable time of key temperatures. [Method] The experiment was conducted to solve the insufficient degradation of dry matter and inadequate aroma matter in fluecured tobacco leaf in application of bulkcuring barn. K326 was used as the material in experiment, and the dynamic changes of major chemical components of fluecuring tobacco leaf in bulkcuring of different stable time of key temperatures were evaluated in Liuyang City of Hunan Province. [Result] The results indicated that in 0-42 ℃ during the bulk curing process, the starch decreased fast, while total sugar and reducing sugar content and ratio of total sugar with nicotine increased fast. In 42-47 ℃during the bulk curing process, the starch decreased slowly, while total sugar and reducing sugar content and ratio of total sugar with nicotine increased slowly. At later stage of bulk curing process, different chemical composition in leaves had a trend to be stable. The nicotine and total nitrogen content had a trend to be decreased, while changed little. The ratio of total nitrogen with nicotine changed little. [Conclusion] The chemical components would more harmonious when stable time proper increased in yellowing period and color fixed period.
Key wordsBulk curing; Temperature stable time; Chemical components; Dynamic changes
发展现代烟草农业需要专业化烘烤,因而密集烤房已经成为我国烘烤的主要设备[1-4]。目前,密集烘烤存在烟叶香气质量不优问题,其主要原因就是片面缩短烘烤时间,因此,在密集烘烤过程中如何延长烘烤时间,促进大分子物质充分降解和形成大量致香物质具有重要意义。宋晓华等[5]、方志颍等[6]、邓小华等[7]、邓井青等[8]分别以河南郏县、吉林延边、湖南浏阳、湖南宁远烟叶为材料进行研究,结果认为烘烤过程中拉长变黄和定色时间可提高烟叶中性致香成分总量,烟叶化学成分含量适宜,比例协调。马力等[9]、汪伯军等[10]以重庆市武隆县烟叶为材料研究了密集烘烤关键温度点不同稳温时间对烟叶香气物质和质量的影响,认为在变黄末期和定色末期稳温12 h使烟叶中苯丙氨酸类总量、西柏烷类物质的含量最高,变黄阶段稳温16 h和定色阶段稳温12 h有利于类胡萝卜素类总量、棕色化反应产物类物质和新植二烯的形成,在干球温度42 ℃和54 ℃分别稳温12 h,烤后烟叶的综合质量较好。宫长荣等采用自控烤烟箱对河南许昌烟叶研究认为,烘烤过程中延长变黄时间有利于淀粉降解和烟叶品质改善[11]。上述研究主要集中在延长稳温时间对烤后烟叶化学成分和致香物质的影响,而对烟叶在烘烤过程中化学成分动态变化的研究主要集中在不同烘烤方式[12-16]。笔者以湖南浓香型烟叶产区浏阳烟叶为材料,研究在密集烘烤过程中关键温度点的稳温时间对烟叶化学成分影响的动态变化,旨在为湖南浓香型优质烟叶生产优化烟叶密集烘烤工艺提供理论依据。
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