攀枝花烟区土壤速效锌及锌肥适宜用量研究
发布时间:2019-08-22 来源: 人生感悟 点击:
摘要 [目的]明确攀枝花烟区土壤速效锌含量,探明锌肥施用标准。[方法]通过多年多点调查和田间试验,研究攀枝花烟区适宜的锌肥施用量及其对烟叶产质量的影响。[结果]攀枝花烟区土壤速效锌含量为0.08~4.60 mg/kg,平均为(1.72±1.01)mg/kg,16.17%的土壤速效锌含量极其丰富(>3.0 mg/kg),58.65%的土壤速效锌含量丰富(1.0~3.0 mg/kg)。米易烟区土壤速效锌含量>3.0 mg/kg和1.0~3.0 mg/kg的比例分别占24.07%和66.80%,仁和分别占4.81%和35.58%,盐边分别占12.30%和60.96%。施用锌肥可以提高烟叶产量、产值、均价,提高上等烟和中上等烟比例。烟叶产量最高平均施锌量为(7.60±1.62) kg/hm2,产值最高平均施锌量为(8.95±3.70) kg /hm2。施用锌肥使攀枝花烟叶较好地保持了清甜香型烟叶的风格特色。[结论]该研究为指导锌肥施用提供数据支撑。
关键词 锌肥;适宜用量;质量;攀枝花
中图分类号 S147.5 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2018)20-0113-04
Abstract [Objective]To determine the available zinc content of Panzhihua tobaccogrowing soil, to clear an application standard. [Method] To study an appropriate amount of zinc fertilizer and its effect on the yield and quality of tobacco leaf in Panzhihua tobacco area, the multipoint survey and the field experiments were carried out through three years at four test places. [Result]The available zinc variation of soil in Panzhihua tobaccogrowing soil was 0.08-4.60 mg/kg, with an average of (1.72±1.01) mg/kg; 16.17% of the soil was extremely high in available zinc content (> 3.0 mg/kg) and 58.65% of the soil was high; 24.07%, 4.81% and 12.30% of the soil samples were extremely high in available zinc content (> 3.0 mg/kg) in Renhe County,Miyi County and Yanbian County, respectively, and 66.80%, 35.38% and 60.96% of the soil samples were high in available zinc content (1.0-3.0 mg/kg) in Renhe County, Miyi County and Yanbian County, respectively. The application of zinc fertilizer could increase the yield and the value of tobacco leaf, raised an equal price, increased the rates of first and secondary tobacco leaf. Appropriate amount of zinc fertilizer for the highest tobacco leaf yield was (7.60±1.62) kg/hm2, and for the highest value was (8.95±3.70) kg/hm2. The using of zinc fertilizer could maintain the style characteristics of Qing Tian Flvaor tobacco leaves of the Panzhihua area.[Conclusion]This study provides data support for guiding the application of zinc fertilizer.
Key words Zinc fertilizer;Suitable application;Quality;Panzhihua
鋅是植物正常生长发育过程中必不可缺少的矿质营养成分,在促进植物生长发育、改善品质、增加产量等方面起着重要作用。烤烟烟叶锌含量为 51~84 mg/kg[1-2]。锌对烟草体内的众多酶起重要作用,是许多酶的重要组成成分[3-4]。速效锌缺乏使烟株发育受阻、叶片小、下部叶有大量坏死斑[5-6],适宜的速效锌可调节和促进光合产物的代谢和运转,使烟叶落黄好、易烘烤,改善烟叶的香气质、香气量[7-8],速效锌过量则会伤害烤烟根系,使根系生长受阻,烟叶有褐色斑点和坏死[9]。合理的锌肥施用是提高土壤速效锌含量的最佳途径,关于锌肥施用对烟叶产质量影响的研究很多,主要集中在锌肥施用方式[5]、锌对烟草生长发育[10]、生理特性[11-13]、化学成分[14-15]、香味物质[16-17]、产质量[18-19]等的影响,以及烟草抗病毒特性[20-22]、锌与其他元素的相互作用[23-24]等方面。锌在不同土壤和生态条件下其有效性差异较大,因此在一定生态条件下弄清锌肥适宜施用量对指导施肥具有重要意义。
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