科技新闻英语应用特点
发布时间:2018-07-01 来源: 美文摘抄 点击:
摘要:隐喻不仅存在于文学及日常语言中,随着科技的发展,隐喻也被广泛的应用于科技英语文本中。本文总结VOA慢速科技英语,探讨科技语言的应用特点。
关键词:科技;新闻;隐喻;特点
科技英语作为科技语言的一个分支,隐喻必然在其词汇和表达方面起着重要的作用。一方面,随着现代科学技术的飞速发展,大量新词根据隐喻机制被创造出来,人类根据隐喻用其较为熟悉领域的经验来说明和解读较为陌生领域。另一方面,隐喻促使科技术语的词义和用法得以扩充和拓展。此外新闻还要满足1. 大众性。新闻刊物是大众传播媒介其语言适应广大读者的阅读水平;2. 趣味性。不仅要求报道内容,而且语言要适应读者的爱好和阅读习惯,新词和临时生造的词可使文章更加活泼生动;3. 节俭性。是精炼语言的重要手段。
一、外形相似
1 White House officials also say Mr. Obama will go to Capitol Hill on Sunday to meet with Democratic lawmakers on efforts to advance health care reform. (Dec 9)
白宮实际就是美国政府,由其建筑的颜色而其名。
二、位置相似
1 Competition to work at a top hospital can be fierce.(Jun 2)
2 One of the scientists says the past six years have shown the lowest Arctic sea ice cover ever measured. (Nov 26)
3 Unemployment is rising and will likely reach a historic peak of nearly 10 percent next year. (Sep 18)
4 H.I.V. is short for the human immunodeficiency virus. The experts say estimates of new H.I.V. infections are down by about fifteen percent in Africa, south of the Sahara Desert. And, new infections have decreased almost twenty-five percent in East Asia. (Dec, 8)
“竞争是方向”,“权利是方向”以及“疾病是方向”,人们很容易理解高为优秀,高为竞争激烈,高为病情严重。
三、结构相似
1 NTT DoCoMo is pouring billions of dollars into building a 3G empire that it hopes will eventually spread across the globe. (Sep 18)
2 Scarpetta said:“Part of the stimulus packages have been additional resources for labor markets and social policies.”(Sep 18)
投资一个新的领域类似建立一个新的帝国,一系列的措施类似一个完整的包裹,这些人们熟悉的语言恰好满足了新闻的特点,大众性,趣味性。
四、功能相似
1 The humble algae could lead be a revolutionary tool in the battle against climate change. (Sep 4)
2 OECD unemployment division chief Stephan Scarpetta says the number of jobless among the OECD"s 30 member countries is expected to climb even higher next year. (Sep 18)
3 Tornadoes form when winds blowing in different directions meet in the cloud and begin to turn in circles. (Jun 9)
4 Satellite images show an ice bridge that held a huge Antarctic ice shelf in place recently broke apart. (May 5)
动物也有类似于人的身份;企业的成长类似人类的运动,如爬山;自然的现象类似人类日常动作或是一种事物。
五、特性相似
1 Tornadoes can also destroy anything in their path. (Jun 9)
2 Australia is preparing to introduce technology that allows algae to capture half or more of the greenhouse gases emitted by a power station. (Sep 4)
3 As well as Australia, the pioneering algae technology is also being tested in the United States and Germany. (Sep 4)
4 根据某些事物本身特性,比如温室,先行者来解释科学现象或发现,易于被大众接受。
本文作者尝试采用隐喻作为教授科技英语语篇的手段,挖掘学生的隐喻智力,力图探索科技隐喻成果应用于教学。高职院校的英语课程其“实用性”即语言交流的工具性,课程的教学目标是“通过指导学生阅读和收听有关专业的英语书刊和文献及科技新闻,提高阅读和翻译科技资料的能力,并能以英语为工具获取本专业实际工作中所需的信息。
参考文献:
[1]胡壮麟 《语言·认知·隐喻》 现代外语 1997
[2]Kuhn, Thomas, Samuel. Metaphor in Science. In A: Ortony (eds.). 1993.
[3]林书武 《国外隐喻研究综述》 外语教学与研究 (l09):11-19 1997
[4]Goatly, Andrew. 1997. The Language of Metaphor. London: Routledge.
[5]马援 《科技语篇中的隐喻研究》 太原理工大学 2007.
[6]束定芳 《隐喻学研究》 上海:上海外语教育出版社 2003.
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