吞咽功能评估在老年住院患者中的运用及可行性分析

　　【摘要】 目的：研究与分析吞咽功能评估在老年住院患者中的运用及可行性。方法：选取本院2017年9-10月收治的老年住院患者189例，根据吞咽功能评估及护理干预的不同分为对照组（94例）和观察组（95例）。观察组行标准吞咽功能评估（SSA）+吞糊试验及针对性护理干预，对照组行洼田饮水试验及常规护理干预。对比两组留置胃管例数、吸入性肺炎发生率、干预疗效及住院时间等。结果：观察组干预总有效率为88.42%（84/95）明显高于对照组的69.15%（65/94），差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；而观察组留置胃管例数、吸入性肺炎发生率、住院时间等与对照组相比均显著较少，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：针对老年住院患者采取SSA+吞糊试验测评其吞咽功能具有较高可行性，且根据测评结果对其实施针对性护理干预可促使其健康结局显著改善，值得推广应用。
　　【关键词】 吞咽功能评估； 老年住院患者； 可行性
　　Evaluation of Swallowing Function in Elderly Inpatients and Analysis of Feasibility/OU Xiaoming，LYU Yingbin，FENG Wenying.//Medical Innovation of China，2018，15（07）：084-086
　　【Abstract】 Objective：To study and analyze the feasibility and feasibility of swallowing function assessment in elderly inpatients. Method：A total of 189 elderly inpatients with swallowing disorders admitted to our hospital from September to October 2017 were divided into control group（n=94） and observation group（n=95） according to the assessment of swallowing function and nursing intervention.The observation group was convicted and targeted nursing interventions，the control group was given Kubota drinking water test and routine nursing intervention.The number of indwelling gastric tube，the incidence of aspiration pneumonia，intervention efficacy and hospital stay of two groups were compared.Result：The effective rate of observation group was 88.42%（84/95），which was significantly higher than that of control group 69.15%（65/94），the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）； in observation group，the number of gastric tube，the incidence of aspiration pneumonia，hospital stay were significantly less than those of control group，the differences were statistically significant（P<0.05）.Conclusion： It is feasible to evaluate the swallowing function of inpatients with senile swallowing disorder by taking the embezzlement test.According to the results of the evaluation，the targeted nursing intervention can promote the significant improvement of their health outcomes，which is worthy of popularizing and applying.
　　【Key words】 Swallowing function assessment； Elderly inpatients； Feasibility
　　First-author’s address：Heshan People’s Hospital，Heshan 529700，China
　　doi：10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2018.07.024
　　對于神经系统疾病及肌病患者而言，吞咽困难是一种常见并发症，其指的是食物通过咽部或食管时感到费力，有咽不下、梗阻、障碍的感觉。由于其吞咽过程比较长，且极易引发一系列病症，如营养不良、吸入性肺炎窒息等，甚至还可能会剥夺人的基本进食需求，严重影响生活质量[1-3]。而大多数老年住院患者由于疾病以及年龄等因素的影响，因而其大多存在吞咽功能障碍[4-5]。此类患者的特点主要为吞咽困难、饮水呛咳等，其不仅会增加患者吸入性肺炎发生率以及病死率，且还会延长患者的住院时间，从而严重影响患者的预后[6-8]。因此本文选取本院2017年9-10月收治的老年住院患者189例，根据吞咽功能评估及护理干预的不同分为对照组（94例）和观察组（95例），即对吞咽功能评估在老年住院患者中的运用及可行性进行了研究与分析，现报道如下。

相关热词搜索：住院 吞咽 老年 患者 可行性分析