英美文学简史

英美文学简史篇一：英国文学史复习资料、《英美文学史及作品选读》复习资料合并版

英国文学史资料British Writers and Works

I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages

<Beowulf>贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons

Epic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of

a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and

elevated.

e.g. Homer?s Iliad and Odyssey

Artistic features:

1. Using alliteration

Definition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words

in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound（头韵）

Some examples on P5

2. Using metaphor and understatement

Definition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled

way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express

their ideas

Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里?乔叟1340(?)~1400

(首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。)

The father of English poetry.

It is ____alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive (综合的，广泛的)realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life. ( A )

A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. Matin Luther C. William Langland D. John Gower writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity.

① <The Canterbury Tales>坎特伯雷故事集：

first time to use ?heroic couplet?(双韵体) by middle English

②<Troilus and Criseyde>特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德

③ <The House of Fame>声誉之宫

Medieval Ages? popular Literary form: Romance(传奇故事)

Famous three：King Arthur

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight

Beowulf

II The Renaissance Period

A period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.

Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.

Three historical events of the Renaissance – rebirth or revival:

1. new discoveries in geography and astrology

2. the religious reformation and economic expansion

3. rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture

The most famous dramatists:

Christopher Marlowe

William Shakespeare

Ben Johnson.

1. Edmund Spenser埃德蒙?斯宾塞1552~1599

（后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。） The poets? poet.The first to be buried in the Poet?s corner of Westerminster Abbey

12. Which of the following statements is not the reason for that Edmund Spenser is famous for “the poet?s poet”? ( B )

A. Spenser?s idealismB. his struggle for criteria

C. his love of beauty D. his exquisite melody

① <The Faerie Queene>仙后(for Queen Elizabeth)

The theme is not “Arms and the man”, but something more

romantic “Fierce wars and faithfull loves”.

Artistic features:

1. Using Spenserian Stanza

Definition of Spenserian Stanza:a stanza of nine lines

ababbcbcc. Eight lines in iambic pentameter, and last line in

iambic hexameter.

② <The Shepherds Calendar>牧人日历

The theme is to lament over the loss of Rosalind.

③ <Amoretti>爱情小唱?

2. Thomas? More托马斯?莫尔1478~1535

One of the greatest English humanists

①<Utopia>乌托邦?

3. Francis? Bacon弗兰西斯?培根1561~1626

（哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。）

Philosopher, scientist, lay the foundation for modern science. The first English essayist.?

Writing style:brevity, compactness&powerfulness, well-arranging and eiching by Biblical allusions, metaphors and philosophy to man?s reason.

①<The Advancement of Learning>学术的推进

②<Essays>随笔(famous quotas: <Of studies>)?

The theme of Of Studies: uses and benefits of study and different

ways adopted by different people to pursue

studies.

4. Ben Jonson

①<Comedy of Humours>

②<Volpone, or the fox>狐狸

5. Christopher? Marlowe柯里斯托弗?马洛1564~1595

“University Wits”, the pioneer of English drama（完善了无韵体诗。）

Blank verse: written in uhymed iambic pentameter.

14. Marlowe gave new vigor to ____ with his “mighty lines” ( D )

A. the Petrarchan sonnet B. sestina

C. terza rima D. blank verse

①<The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus>浮士德博士的悲剧（根据德国民间故事书写成）

②<Tamburlaine>帖木耳大帝?

③<The Jew of Malta>马耳他的犹太人

6. William Shakespeare威廉?莎士比亚1564~1616?

① Historical plays: Hey VI ; Hey IV : Richard III ; Hey V ；

Richard II；Hey VIII

②Four Comedies: <As You Like It>皆大欢喜; <Twelfth Night>第十二夜;

<A Midsummer Night?S Dream>仲夏夜之梦; <Merchant

Of Venice>威尼斯商人

③Four Tragedies: <Hamlet>哈姆莱特; <Othello>奥赛罗; <King Lear>

李尔王; <Macbeth>麦克白

④Shakespeare Sonnet :154 <The Sonnets>

Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefgg

A sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in

iambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme

scheme.

III The 17th Century

1. John Milton约翰?弥尔顿1608~1674

（诗人、政论家;失明后写 《失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》。）

①Epics: <Paradise Lost>失乐园?

<Paradise? Regained>复乐园

②Dramatic poem: < Samson Agonistes>力士参孙

③ <Areopagitica>论出版自由?

<The Defence of the English People>为英国人民声辩

④ <On His Blindness>我的失明

This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde

cde, typical of Italian sonnet.

Its theme is that people use their talent for God, and they serve him

best sho can endure the suffering best.

2. John Bunyan约翰?班扬1628~1688

（代表作《天路历程》，宗教寓言，被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。与但丁的《神曲》、奥古斯丁的《忏悔录》并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。）

Puritan poet(清教徒派诗人)

①Religionary Allegory:<The Pilgrim?s Progress>天路历程?

3. John Donne

the Metaphysical poet(玄学派诗人).

Metaphysical Poetry(玄学诗)：（用语）the diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual, (形式)the form is frequently an argument with the poet’s beloved, with god, or with himself.（主题：love, religious, thought）

Artistic features:

1. conceits or imagery奇思妙喻

2. syllogism三段论

① Meditations 沉思录

The Flea 虱子

② Songs And Sonnets

Holy Sonnets

③Valediction:<Forbidding Mourning>

IV The 18th Century：Enlightenment同时为美国独立战争与法国大革命提供了框架，并且导致了资本主义和社会主义的兴起，与音乐史上的巴洛克时期以及艺术史上的新古典主义时期是同一时期。

A revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion(抑制情感) and accuracy

The Age of Enlightenment/Reason: the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centries, a progressive intellectual movement, reason(rationality), equality&science(the 18th century)

小说崛起：In the mid-century, the newly literary form, modern English novel rised(realistic novel现实主义小说)

Gothic novel(哥特式小说)：mystery, horror, castles(from middle part to the end of century)

1. Alexander Pope亚历山大?蒲柏1688~1744

（18世纪英国最伟大的诗人，其诗多用“英雄双韵体”/ “ heroic couplets”。词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。）

As a representative of the Enlightenment， Pope was one of the first to introduce rationalism to England....

Eg. Among the representatives of the Enlightenment, who was one of the first to introduce rationalism to England? ( C )

A. John BunyanB. Daniel DefoeC. Alexander PopeD. Jonathan Swift

①<An Essay on Criticism>批评论?

Artistic features:

1.Using “heroic couplets”

② <The Rape of the Lock>卷发遇劫记

③ <Moral Essays>道德论

<Essay on Man>人论?

<The Dunciad>愚人记

2. Samuel? Johnson塞缪尔?约翰逊1709~1784

①Dictionary =<A Dictionary of English Language>英语大词典?

3. Jonathan Swift乔纳森?斯威夫特1667~1745

（十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家a master satirist。）

① <Gulliver?s Travels>格列佛游记(fictional work)

Four parts:

Lilliput 小人国Brobdingnag 大人国 Flying Island 飞岛Houyhnhnm 马岛

<A Modest Proposal>一个小小的建议?

② <The Battle of Books>书战

③ <A Tale of a Tub>木桶的故事?

④ <The Drapper?s Letters>一个麻布商的书信

4. Daniel Defoe丹尼尔?笛福1660~1731

（小说家，新闻记者，小册子作者；十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。）?

He is the first writer study of the lower-class people, his language is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacular, and he is the founder of realistic novel.

① <Robinson? Crusoe>鲁宾逊漂流记

It praise the fortitude of the human labor and the Puritan.

Robinson grew from a naive and artless youth into a shrewd

and hardened man,tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life.

It is an adventure story, Robinson, narrates how he goes to sea,

gets shipwrecked and marooned on a lonely island, struggles to live for 24-years there and finally gets relieved and returns to England. ② <Moll Flanders>

③ <Colonel Jacque>

④ <Captain singleton>

5. Hey Fielding亨利?菲尔丁1707~1754

（英国小说家，戏剧家，被誉为“英国小说之父” 。）

He is called “Father of English novel”. He was the first to write a “Comic epic in prose”(散文体史诗), and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.

① novels:

<The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling>弃婴汤姆?琼斯

<The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews>约瑟夫?安德

鲁

<The Life of Mr Jonathan Wild, the Great>大诗人江奈生?威尔德 <Amelia>爱米利亚?

② plays:

<The Historical Register for 1736>一七三六年历史记事

<Don Quixote in England>堂吉柯德在英国?

6. Oliver Goldsmith奥利弗?格尔德斯密斯1730~1774

① poems:

英美文学简史篇二：英美文学史名词解释

American Realism: In American literature, the Civil War brought the Romantic Period to an end. The Age of Realism came into existence. It came as a reaction against the lie of romanticism and sentimentalism. Realism turned from an emphasis on the strange toward a faithful rendering of the ordinary, a slice of life as it is really lived. It expresses the concern for commonplace and the low, and it offers an objective rather than an idealistic view of human nature and human experience. 美国现实主义：在美国文学史上，内战宣告了浪漫主义的终结和现实主义的开始。现实主义反对浪漫主义和感伤主义的谎言，它从一个陌生的世界转向了普通人的真实生活的描写。它所关心的是普通的下层劳动人民而非理想中的人类本性和现实经历。

American Romanticism: The Romantic Period covers the first half of the 19th century. A rising America with its ideals of democracy and equality, its industrialization, its westward expansion, and a variety of foreign influences were among the important factors which made literary expansion and expression not only possible but also inevitable in the period immediately following the nation’s political independence. Yet, romantics frequently shared certain general characteristics: moral enthusiasm, faith in value of individualism and intuitive perception, and a presumption that the natural world was a source of goodness and man’s societies a source of corruption. Romantic values were prominent in American politics, art, and philosophy until the Civil War. The romantic exaltation of the individual suited the nation’s revolutionary heritage

and its frontier egalitarianism.

美国浪漫主义：浪漫主义阶段涵盖了19世纪前半页。美国的不断壮大和发展以及随之而来的明珠和平等的思想、工业化的发展、西北边疆的不断扩展和国外的各种影响使浪漫主义作家文学不但成为一种可能，而且使它成为美国政治独立后的一种必然。然而，浪漫主义文学往往有很多共性：他们热心于道德、相信个人主义价值观和对世界的直观感受，并且他们认为自然世界是真、善、美的源泉而人类社会则是堕落的根源。在内战以前，浪漫主义价值观占据是政治、艺术、和哲学等领域，浪漫主义者对个人的赞扬正好迎合了美国的革命遗风和边疆开拓者的品均主义。

American Transcendentalism: the emergence of the

Transcendentalists as an identifiable movement took place during the late 1820s and 1830s, but the roots of their religious philosophy extended much farther back into American religious history.

Transcendentalism and evangelical Protestantism followed separate evolutionary branches from American Puritanism, taking as their common ancestor the Calvinism of the seventeenth and eighteenth

centuries. They spoke for cultural rejuvenation and against the

materialism of American spirit, or the Oversoul, as the most important thing in the Universe. They stressed the importance of the individual. To them, the individual was the most important element of society. They offered a fresh perception of nature as symbolic of the Spirit or God. Nature was, to them, alive, filled with God’s overwhelming presence. Transcendentalism is based on the belief that the most fundamental truths about life and death can be reached only by going beyond the world of the senses. Emerson’s Nature has been called the “Manifesto of American Transcendentalism” and his The American Scholar has been rightly regarded as America’s “Declaration of Intellectual Independence”.

美国超验主义：美国超验主义出现的19世纪20年代末期到三十年代，但是它的根源在宗教史上要远得多。超验主义和福音派新教分别是美国清教主义的两个分支，他们的祖先是17世纪和18世纪的加尔文神教。超验主义者主张文化的复兴，认为“超灵”是宇宙中最重要的事物。他们强调个人的重要性，反对精神上的物质主义。对他们来说，个人是一个社会最重要的元素。他们认为自然就是“精神”或“上帝”的象征，它是有生命的，而上帝又无处不在。他们认为生与死最基本的真理可以超越感官的世界而获得。艾默生的《自然》被称为是“美国超验主义的宣言”，他的《美国学者》则被认为是美国的“文化独立宣言书”。

Classicism: A movement or tendency in art, literature, or music that reflects the principles manifested in the art of ancient Greece and Rome. Classicism emphasizes the traditional and the universal, and places value on reason, clarity, balance, and order. Classicism, with its concern for reason and universal themes, is traditionally opposed to Romanticism,

which is concerned with emotions and personal themes.

古典主义：在艺术、文学或音乐方面反映古希腊、罗马文学原理的运动。古典主义强调传统，追求理性、明晰、平衡和秩序。因为古典主义强调理性和普遍主题，在传统上反对强调感情和个人主题的浪漫主义。

Climax: The point of greatest intensity, interest, or suspense in a story’s turning point. The action leading to the climax and the

simultaneous increase of tension in the plot are known as the rising action. All action after the climax is referred to as the falling action, or resolution. The term crisis is sometimes used interchangeably with climax.

高潮：小说中最紧张、最有趣或最具悬念的转折点。情节中引起高潮的动作和情节紧张度的增加称作“上升”，高潮后的动作称为“回落”或“结局”。有时候高潮又称作“转折点”。

Conflict: A struggle between two opposing forces or characters in a sh(来自:WWw.zHaoqT.net 蒲公 英文 摘:英美文学简史)ort story, novel, play, or narrative poem. Usually the events of the story are all related to the conflict, and the conflict is resolved in some way by the story’s end.

矛盾：在小说、短篇小说、戏剧或叙事诗中相互对立的两种力量。故事中的事件往往都和矛盾有关，并且在故事的结尾矛盾都会得以解决。

Critical Realism: The critical realism of the 19th century flourished in the forties and in the beginning of fifties. The realists first and

foremost set themselves the task of criticizing capitalist society from a democratic viewpoint and delineated the crying contradictions of bourgeois reality. But they did not find a way to eradicate social evils. 批判现实主义：批判现实主义在19世纪40年代达到高潮。批判现实主义作家们往往把从民主的角度批评和揭露资本主义社会的丑恶视为己任，但他们并没有找到治疗社会弊病的良方。

Diction: A writer’s choice of words, particularly for clarity,

effectiveness, and precision.

措辞：一个作家用词的选择，主要是为了清楚、有效和简练等目的。

Dramatic monologue: A kind of narrative poem in which one character speaks to one or more listeners whose replies are not given in the poem. The occasion is usually a crucial one in the speaker’s

personality as well as the incident that is the subject of the poem. 戏剧独白：在一种叙事诗里面，一个人物对其他的人物讲话但并没有交代他们的回答，这种场合往往对反映说话人的性格特征和诗歌的主题是至关重要的。 Enlightenment: With the advent of the 18th century, in England, as in other European countries, there sprang into life a public movement known as the Enlightenment. The Enlightenment on the whole, was an expression of struggle of the then progressive class of bourgeois against feudalism. The social inequality, stagnation, prejudices and other survivals of feudalism. They attempted to place all branches of science at the service of mankind by connecting them with the actual deeds and requirements of the people.

启蒙主义：启蒙主义是在18世纪在英国发生的。总体上，启蒙主义是当时的资产阶级对封建主义，社会的不平等、死寂、偏见和其他的封建残余的一种反对。通过将科学的各个分支与人民的日常生活和需要联系起来，启蒙主义者们努力将他们变成为人民大众服务的工具

Epic: A long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. Many epics were drawn from an oral tradition and were transmitted by song and recitation before they were written down.

史诗：讲述英雄事迹并反映出这些英雄事迹的社会价值观的长篇叙事诗。在成为之前，很多史诗都来自于口头传统并通过歌唱和背诵流传。

Era of Modernism: The years from 1910 to 1930 are often called the Era of Modernism, for there seems to have been in both Europe and America a strong awareness of some sort of “break” with the past. The new artists shared a desire to capture the complexity of modern life, to focus on the variety and confusion of the 20th century by reshaping and sometimes discarding the ideas and habits of the 19th century. The Era of Modernism was indeed the era of the New.

现代主义时期：从1910到1930年这一段时间被称作现代主义时期，因为在这一时期，不论是在美国还是在欧洲人们都认识到一种强烈的与过去的“决裂”，新艺术家们都渴望反映现代生活的复杂性，都渴望通过重新构建，有时候甚至放弃19世纪的思想和习惯来聚焦于20世纪的多样性和困惑之上。

Essay: A piece of prose writing, usually short, that deals with a

subject in a limited way and expresses a particular point or view. An essay may be serious or humorous, tightly organized or rambling, restrained or emotional. The two general classifications of essay are the informal essay and the formal essay. An informal essay is usually brief and is written as if the writer is talking informally to the reader about some topic, using a conversational style and a personal or humorous tone. By contrast, a formal essay is tightly organized, dignified in style, and serious in tone.

小品文：小品文一般都是简短的散文，作家通过有线的篇幅发表自己独特的看法。小品文的风格要么严肃要么幽默，组织或严谨或松散，情感或抒发或藏而不露。小品文大体上又分为正式的和非正式的两种。非正式的小品文一般比较短，使用对话的风格和个人化或幽默的语气，似乎在给读者针对一个话题侃侃而谈。相比之下，正式的小品文则组织严谨，风格高雅，语气严肃。

Fable: A fable is a short story, often with animals as its characters, which illustrate a moral.

寓言：以动物为主人公来写的短小的故事。

Figurative language: Language that is not intended to be interpreted in a literal sense. By appealing to the imagination, figurative language provides new ways of looking at the world. Figurative language

consists of such figures of speech as hyperbole, metaphor, metonymy, oxymoron, personification, simile, and synecdoche.

比喻用语：不能用字面意义来解释的用语。通过想象，比喻用语让读者以新的方式看待世界，它一般包括夸张、隐喻、转喻、矛盾修饰法、拟人、明喻和提喻等修辞手法。

Free Verse: Verse that has either no metrical pattern or an irregular pattern.

自由诗：按照语言的抑扬顿挫和意象模式，而不是按照固定韵律写出的诗。它的韵律建立在音素、语词、短语、句子和段落等形式的基础上，而不是建立在音步传统格律单位上。因此，自由诗消除了很多不自然的成分和诗体表现的某些审美差距。20世纪初，在英国诗法中自由诗已经流行。

Imagism: It’s a poetic movement of England and the U.S. flourished from 1909 to 1917.The movement insists on the creation of images in poetry by “the direct treatment of the thing” and the economy of wording. The leaders of this movement were Ezra Pound and Amy Lowell.

意象主义：意象主义是在1909到1917年之间在英国和美国的一次诗歌运动。意象主义主张在诗歌通过“直接描写事物”和简介的用词来产生意象，领导人物为庞德和艾米?罗威尔

Incremental repetition: The repetition of a previous line, or lines but with a slight variation each time that advances the narrative stanza by stanza. This device is commonly used in ballads.

反复：反复是诗歌每一节对前面一节的一行或几行的重复，有些是完全重复，有些略有改动，在民谣中普遍使用。

Inversion: The technique of reversing, or inverting, the normal word order of a sentence. Writers may use inversion to create a certain tone or to emphasize a particular word or idea. A poet may invert a line so that it fits into a particular meter or rhyme scheme.

倒装：在一句话中将单词顺序颠倒的一种写作技巧，作家往往使用倒装来产生某种语气或强调某个特点的词或想法，诗人使用倒装主义是为了让诗行的韵律更加工整。

Irony: A contrast or an incongruity between what is stated and what is really meant, or between what is expected to happen and what actually happens. Three kinds of irony are (1) verbal irony, in which a writer or

speaker says one thing and means something entirely different; (2) dramatic irony, in which a reader or an audience perceives something that a character in the story or play does not know; (3) irony of situation, in which the writer shows a discrepancy between the expected results of some action or situation and its actual results. 反讽：反讽指所叙述的事情和真正的所指之间或期待发生的事情和实际发生的事情之间的对比或不一致，反讽有3种：（1）词语反讽，作者或说话人说的是一

英美文学简史篇三：英美文学简史

Chapter 1 the making of England

第一页

Primitive 原始社会的

Clustering 丛 团

Hut 茅草屋

Vitality 生命力

Invade 侵入

Occupy 占有

Chieftain首领

Subjugate征服

Refinement 改良

Christianity 基督教 christian 基督教的 第二页

Swarm 大群人

Pirate 海盗

Dialect 方言

Kinship 王权

Compose 1写、创作（乐曲、歌剧等）2组成Booty 战利品

Amusement 娱乐

Democracy民主

Incompatible 合不来的

Gemtile非犹太的

Territory 领土

Feudalism 封建制

Heathen不信教的、异教徒

第三页

Monastery 修道院

Monk 修士、僧侣

Chapter2

Relic 遗风

Preserve保护

Minstrel（中世纪）游方诗歌演唱者 Fragment v、n 碎片 片段

Devour吞食

Grapple （with） 扭住（对手）扭打格斗 Avail（against sb） 抵挡

Combat格斗 搏斗 战斗

Retreat撤退 退却

Rejoice高兴

Avenge伸冤

Counseller 顾问

Plunge猛进入 38个单词 1

Trophy奖品 战利品

Den穴

Belche 喷（火） forth its fire

Bid 说=say

Envelope 包围 包住

Impenetrable不可穿越的 forest

Marsh 沼泽

Superstitious迷信的

Marvellous

第五页

Alliteration

Consonant

Metaphor

Attendant

Condemn

Tinge

Permanent

Chapter3

viking

plunder

prose

第六页

confescate

bestow

patch

baron

vassal

oath

secure

property

manifestation

supremacy

chronicle

prominent

dominent

intermingle

tend

bishop

archbishop

abbot

toil

第七页

sustain奇妙的 头韵 辅音 隐喻 侍者 责备 淡的色调或痕迹 a tinge of 永久的 北欧海盗 掠夺 散文 没收 赠与小块土地 男爵 封臣 誓言 保护 资产 显示 至高无上 编年史的 突出的 最突出的、占支配地位的 混合照管主教 大主教 男修道院长 辛苦工作 支撑 41个单词2

courageous 勇敢的heretics 犯异端罪的人 perish 毁灭

plague 瘟疫

poll-tax人头税

impose对（）课税

pauperize 贫穷

slogan 口号 格言】

sermon讲道

bondage

velvet

stuff

ornament

ermine

spices

rye

manor

pomp

sovereign

第八页

remonstate

oppressor

treacherously

apeal

prevail

verse

tournament

code

moral

chivalry

apprenticeship

solemn

cycle

第九页

rim

culmination

collapse

patronize

charge

fabricate

illicit

convert

第十页

Masterpiece奴役 天鹅绒 布料 装饰 貂皮 貂 香料 黑麦 庄园 浮华最高统治者抗议。报复受压迫的 背叛的 不忠的 恳求 呼吁流行的 诗体 比赛、武士骑马比赛密码。道德标准道德的骑士精神 学徒身份1表情严肃的2庄重的3隆重的正式的1循环周期2系列（如组歌或组诗）边缘结局 结果倒塌赞助 支持控告 编造不正当的 改变形式或用途 名著 杰作41单词3

Vivid 鲜明的

Amuse 是某人消遣 第十一页

Chapter4

Amid 在（）当中 Barren 贫瘠的 Scanty 不足的 Industriously 勤劳的 Plough 耕田 Idler

Exposure

Parasite

Deacon

Preach

Flock

Leap

Clerk

Despoil

Cardinal

Virtues

Friar

Hermit

Altar

Roamer

Manor

Hood

Plead

Mete

Mist

Mutter

Aught=anything

Sum up

Confer

Sternly

Counsel

无工作（的人） 暴漏揭露 寄生物、靠他人生存的人 会吏、助祭 布道 仪仗队 1跳跃2冲。窜 1文书、办事员2（议会法院等）书记员、秘书4教士牧师 掠夺sth 红衣主教 1美德2.（女子）贞操 托钵修士 隐士、隐居修道士 祭桌 慢步行走的人 领地 风帽 提出（理由或借口） 给与（奖励） 雾气 咕哝（某事）、低语声 形成对（）的看法 1（with sb）（on/about sth）讨论、探讨、商谈、请教2sth（on sb）授予某人（学位或头衔） 严厉的 建议

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