安徽烟区土壤硫含量及其对烤烟硫含量的影响
发布时间:2019-08-22 来源: 美文摘抄 点击:
摘要[目的]研究安徽省植烟土壤和烟叶硫含量的关系。[方法]采集池州东至烟区和皖南烟区土壤普查样品,研究不同采样点不同植烟年限的土壤有效硫含量。研究重壤土、中壤土、轻壤土定位样品土壤有效硫含量和定位样品烟叶全硫含量,以及≥15、6~10和1~5 a不同植烟年限的定位样品土壤有效硫和定位样品烟叶全硫含量。[结果]随着植烟年限的延长,施肥造成硫素在土壤中积累量增加;在植烟季节内随着土壤沙性的增强及土壤改良效果越明显时,土壤有效硫含量积累作用越强;土壤硫含量与烟叶硫含量无明显相关性;烟叶硫含量主要取决于植烟土壤质地类型,土壤黏性越大、酸度越强,越有利于硫素在烤烟叶中积累。[结论]可为实现安徽省烟叶生产可持续发展提供科学依据。
关键词 植烟土壤;烟叶;有效硫;全硫;安徽省
中图分类号 S506.1 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2016)28-0121-03
Abstract[Objective]To research the relationship between the tobaccoplanting soil and the sulfur content of tobacco leaf in Anhui Province.[Method]Soil census samples were collected from Dongzhi Tobacco Area of Chizhou City and South Anhui Tobacco Area.Soil available sulfur contents in different sampling sites in different planting years were researched.Soil available sulfur contents and tobacco leaf total sulfur contents in location sample were detected in heavy loam,medium loam soil and light loam soil,as well as the soil available sulfur and total sulfur contents in location sample in different planting years (≥15,6-10 and 1-5 a).[Result]With the increase of planting years,sulfur accumulated in the soil due to the application of fertilizer.In the growth season of tobacco,soil improvement had obvious effect with the increase of soil sand property,and the soil sulfur had strong accumulation effect.There was no relationship between the sulfur content in the soil and the tobacco leaf.The leaf sulfur content was determined by the soil texture type.Stronger soil cohesion and soil acidity were good for the sulfur accumulated in the tobacco leaf.[Conclusion]This research provides scientific basis for the sustainable development of tobacco leaf production in Anhui Province.
Key words Tobaccoplanting soil; Tobacco leaf; Available sulfur; Total sulfur; Anhui Province
硫作为植株吸收的第四大营养元素,在植物体内发挥着重要的生理作用,对烤烟生长发育和品质形成具有重要意义[1]。当土壤中硫素缺乏或过量时,对烤烟的品质均有不同程度的影响[2]。目前,硫过量问题已经引起了烟草业界的普遍关注。安徽省南部烟区主要以水田烟为主,由于土壤母质、气候、耕作方式,土壤钾素含量不高,为了满足烤烟生长对钾素的需要,在烤烟生产过程中需大量增施硫酸钾。虽然SO42-易随水流失,但长期连续施用含硫化肥,SO42-在表土层和底土层都有明显的累积,引起土壤pH降低,从而导致土壤理化环境的变化[3]。而有关安徽省植烟土壤的硫素和烟叶的硫含量状况及土壤硫素对烟叶硫素含量的影响鲜见报道。为了提高和稳定安徽省烟叶品质,笔者研究了植烟土壤硫含量与烟叶硫含量的相互关系,旨在为建立适合安徽烟区的硫素调控技术体系及实现安徽烟叶生产的可持续发展提供科学依据。
1 材料与方法
1.1 样品采集
1.1.1 普查样品的采集。为了解安徽省烟区土壤有效硫含量,本着代表全省植烟土壤有效硫含量的原则,采样点尽可能分散于烟区种烟面积较大的乡镇,于植烟起垄前采集田间土壤样品。共采集2015年度烟区植烟土壤普查样品103个,以安徽皖南烟叶公司和池州烟草公司所管辖烟区为取样范围,采用以不同植烟土壤质地和植烟年限为标准的“双元素”取样方法。田间采集土壤样品时,遵循 “S”形布点取样法,每个取样点根据垄体“△”剖面形状,在三角形的每个顶点和每边中点共采集6点土样进行充分混合,按四分法制成一个混合样品,再采用四分法现场分取其中1/4样品记作1个点的采集量,每个样品在田间的样品采集点不少于5个。
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