不同装烟方式对烤烟烘烤效果的影响
发布时间:2019-08-22 来源: 美文摘抄 点击:
摘 要:为明确不同装烟方式对烘烤效果的影响,以云烟87为试材,对烟夹和散叶插签装烟方式进行对比研究。结果表明:与烟夹装烟方式相比,散叶插签鲜烟装烟量显著提高14.7%,烤后烟干烟量显著提高了13.4%;烟叶失水速率达到最大的时间较早;每千克干烟叶的耗煤量和耗电量其成本分别提高了0.07%,11.8%,但用工成本显著降低了51.38%,最终总成本显著降低了17.86%;二者外观质量差异不明显,但散叶插签装烟方式上中等烟比例和光滑烟比例提高,下等烟比例显著下降,均价显著提高。
关键词:烤烟;烟夹;散叶插签;烘烤效果
中图分类号:S572 文献标识码:A DOI 编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2017.12.017
Abstract: In order to determine the influence of different loading methods on the baking effect, test of Yunyan 87 as tested materials, and the comparative test was done in different leaf loading ways such as clip style, loose leaf inserting. The results showed that the loose leaf inserting was compared with tobacco clamping hanger, the amount of fresh tobacco from the loose leaf inserting was significantly increased by 14.7%, and the amount of flue-cured tobacco increased significantly by 13.4%. The water loss rate of tobacco leaves reached the maximum time earlier. The cost of coal consumption and power consumption per kilogram of dry tobacco leaves increased by 0.07% and 11.8%, but the labor cost was significantly reduced by 51.38%, the final total cost was significantly reduced by 17.86%. There was no obvious difference in appearance quality between them. But the proportion of upper middle and smooth tobacco were increased by inserting loading way, the proportion of lower tobacco was significantly lower, and average price increased significantly.
Key words: flue-cured tobacco;tobacco clamping hanger;lose-leaf with leaf-holding needle;curing effect
煙草品质的优劣与烘烤密切相关[1],烘烤质量的优劣与烤房设备、装烟方式等均有一定的关系。近年来,密集烘烤因为装烟量大,利于节能减耗,烘烤能提质增效,具有一定的优势,得到了广泛的应用[2-3]。但密集烤房烤后烟品质存在烟叶结构紧密、油分少等缺陷,为进一步提高烟叶质量、降低烘烤成本,国内开展了装烟密度[4]、装烟方式[5-6]等相关研究。近年来,在装烟方式上,关于烟夹与散叶装烟方式已有大量的报道[7-9]。杨庆民等[10]、叶志国等[11]和王春生等[12]研究认为,烟夹装烟方式存在装烟不均匀的问题,造成烤坏烟比例增加,使烤后烟中等烟率降低。徐立猛等[13]研究认为,烟夹装烟方式在烘烤过程中容易掉烟,且外观质量低于散叶等装烟方式。刘闯等[14]研究认为,10 cm 宽烟夹有利于提高烟叶的感官质量。谢已书等[15-16]研究认为,烟夹和散叶装烟方式能降低烟叶的烘烤成本,散叶烘烤能提高烤房的装烟量以及烤后烟的上中等烟率。张警予等[17]研究认为,散叶装烟方式能显著降低用工和能耗成本,但烟夹烤后烟的化学成分协调性优于散叶烘烤。武圣江等[18]研究认为,散叶插签装烟方式烤后烟的化学成分更协调,感官质量较高,烤后烟叶质量综合评价最佳。向先友等[19]研究认为,散叶烘烤对烟叶烘烤产量和质量等级的提升有一定的作用。烟夹和散叶装烟方式是随着密集烤房的推广衍生出的新型装烟方式,两者在密集烘烤中均能提高装烟量和烟叶质量等,但也存在问题,烤后烟光滑、僵硬烟叶等比例较大。基于散叶插签烘烤与烟夹烘烤的比较研究较少,本研究结合云南实际情况,对烟夹、散叶插签2种不同装烟方式开展对比试验,通过分析不同装烟方式的烘烤成本、失水情况、经济性状以及烤后烟叶的质量,为明确密集烘烤的最佳装烟方式提供理论支撑。
1 材料和方法
1.1 试验材料
试验于2016—2017年在云南省曲靖市三宝镇烘烤工厂进行,供试品种为云烟87,按照当地优质烟叶生产技术规范种植,土壤肥力中等,规模化管理,选取正常成熟的中部烟叶(8~10位叶),在标准化密集烤房进行烘烤,规格为8 m × 2.7 m,装烟 3层。
1.2 试验设计
试验共设2个处理:对照组CK,烟夹装烟方式;处理组T,散叶插签装烟方式。烟夹、散叶分风板[17]等均由云南省曲靖市烟草公司提供,烟夹、散叶插签装烟时松紧适宜,烟夹装烟每夹14~16 kg为宜、散叶插签以70~80 kg·m-2为宜,散叶装烟时叶尖朝上叶柄朝下。
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