下肢深静脉血栓发生无症状性肺栓塞的相关危险因素
发布时间:2018-06-24 来源: 历史回眸 点击:
[摘要] 目的 分析下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)患者发生无症状性肺栓塞(PE)的危险因素。方法 方便选取该院收治的150例DVT患者,纳入时间为2014年6月—2017年6月。依据肺动脉造影(CTPA)结果将其分为两组:无症状PE组47例,症状性PE组103例。收集患者的资料病情,通过对比分析明确无症状性PE的危险因素。结果 无症状性PE组DVT以右侧患肢(59.6%)、中央型(63.8%)、有DVT病史(78.7%)、有心脏疾病(68.1%)为主;症状性PE组DVT以左侧患肢(82.5%)、周围型(65.0%)、无DVT病史(66.0%)、无心脏疾病(72.8%)为主,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析可知右侧患肢(OR=3.688,P=0.040)、中央型DVT(OR=0.164,P=0.001)、有DVT病史(OR=0.182,P=0.012)、有心脏疾病(OR=4.050,P=0.043)和无症状性PE的发生密切相关,视为危险因素。结论 DVT患者发生无症状性PE的概率高,其中右侧患肢、中央型DVT、有DVT病史、合并心臟疾病是危险因素,此类患者应该尽早诊断并干预处理。
[关键词] DVT;无症状性PE;症状性PE;危险因素
[中图分类号] R563.5 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-0742(2018)01(c)-0160-03
[Abstract] Objective This paper tries to analyze the risk factors of asymptomatic pulmonary embolism in patients with deep venous thrombosis. Methods 150 cases of DVT patients in this hospital from June 2014 to June 2017 were convenient selected, according to the results of computed tomography pulmonary arteriography, they were divided into two groups: asymptomatic PE group with 47 cases, symptomatic PE group of 103 cases. The data of patients were collected and the risk factors of asymptomatic PE were determined by comparative analysis. Results Asymptomatic PE group DVT with right limb(59.6%), central type (63.8%), a history of DVT (78.7%), heart disease (68.1%);PE group DVT with symptomatic left limb (82.5%), peripheral type(65.0%), no history of DVT (66.0%), no history of heart disease (72.8%), with significant difference(P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that right limb (OR=3.688,P=0.040), central DVT(OR=0.164,P=0.001), DVT history(OR=0.182,P=0.012), heart disease(OR=4.050,P=0.043) and asymptomatic PE were closely related, considered as risk factors. Conclusion The probability of asymptomatic PE in patients with DVT is high, in which the right side of the affected limb, central DVT, DVT history, and heart disease are risk factors, such patients should be diagnosed and treated as soon as possible.
[Key words] DVT; Asymptomatic PE; Symptomatic PE; Risk factors
DVT是临床上常见的血管性疾病,主要发病部位是双下肢,数据调查显示发生率约为5%,随着患者年龄增高,发病几率也在提高[1]。针对DVT的研究显示,发病机制在于血流缓慢、血液高凝状态、静脉壁损伤,且影响因素较多。其中,患者治疗期间容易出现并发症,以无症状性PE为例,具有发病隐匿性,增加了死亡风险[2]。明确无症状性PE的危险因素,早期实施针对性的干预措施,能改善患者预后。基于此,该文对该院2014年6月—2017年6月期间的150例患者进行研究,探讨了无症状性PE的危险因素,报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
方便选取该院收治的下肢深静脉血栓病例150例,无症状PE组47例,包括男性25例、女性22例;年龄位于23~84岁,平均(61.3±7.5)岁;BMI在19~30 kg/m2之间,平均(24.4±3.2)kg/m2;DVT患肢:左侧19例、右侧28例。症状性PE组103例,包括男性55例、女性48例;年龄位于24~85岁,平均(62.5±7.7)岁;BMI在18~31 kg/m2之间,平均(25.0±3.5)kg/m2;DVT患肢:左侧85例、右侧18例。两组一般资料差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。1.2 纳入和排除标准
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