白肋烟烟碱转化率与TSNA含量及烟叶评吸质量的关系
发布时间:2019-08-25 来源: 历史回眸 点击:
摘 要:为进一步明确白肋烟烟碱转化对烟草特有亚硝胺(TSNA)及烟叶感官评吸质量的影响,以不同烟碱转化率类型的白肋烟品系为材料,进行了生物碱、TSNA含量检测和原烟感官质量评吸。结果表明:低转化(LC)品系生物碱以烟碱为主,高转化(HC)品系则以降烟碱为主,LC品系比HC品系烟碱含量高107.78%,降烟碱含量则减少93.74%,烟碱转化率下降93.28%。HC品系以亚硝基降烟碱(NNN)含量为主,LC品系以亚硝基新烟草碱(NAT)为主,LC品系的NNN和TNSA总量分别比HC品系下降86.43%和66.61%,但NAT和4-(甲基亚硝胺)-1-(3-毗啶)-1-丙酮(NNK)、亚硝基假木贼碱(NAB)含量及其占TSNA总量的比例高于HC。LC品系的原烟感官评吸质量在香型风格、杂气等方面均优于HC品系,HC品系怪味突出。TSNA总量、NNN与降烟碱及烟碱转化率呈正向直线相关,与烟碱存在负向对数相关;NNK与烟碱的存在正向相关、与降烟碱及烟碱转化率存在负向对数相关;与降烟碱的相关系数均大于转化率和烟碱。为此认为,积极选育和推广种植烟碱转化率低的LC品系,是降低白肋烟TSNA含量和提高烟叶品质的有效措施,同时兼顾对NNK、NAB及NAT的选择与控制亦很有必要。
关键词:白肋烟;生物碱;烟碱转化;亚硝胺;感官质量
中图分类号:TS424 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-060X(2016)06-0077-05
Abstract:To study the effect of nicotine conversion rate on TSNA Content and Smoking Quality of burley tobacco, taking different types of nicotine conversion strain of burley tobacco as materials, the alkaloid and TSNA content were detected, and sensory quality of raw tobacco smoking were tested. The results showed that LC strains mainly nicotine alkaloids, HC strain was mainly nornicotine, nicotine content than HC strain LC lines high 107.78%, content of nornicotine decreased 93.74% , nicotine conversion rate decreased 93.28%. HC strains with NNN-based, LC strains of NAT-based, LC strains NNN and total TNSA than HC strains respectively decreased 86.43% and 66.61%, but NAT, NNK, NAB content and the proportion of TSNA was higher than HC. LC strains of raw tobacco smoking sensory quality in terms of flavor style, impurity gases and other miscellaneous lines were better than HC, HC strains highlight the smell. The total amount of TSNA, NNN associated with nornicotine and nicotine conversion rate was straight forward, the negative logarithm associated with the presence of nicotine; NNK positively correlated with nicotine, and had a negative logarithmic correlation with nornicotine and nicotine conversion; the correlation coefficient were greater than the conversion rate and nicotine. Therefore, it is effective to reduce the content of TSNA of burley tobacco and improve the quality of tobacco leaves by selecting and planting low nicotine conversion rates of LC strains , and it is necessary to choice and control contents of NNK, NAB and NAT .
Key words: burley tobacco; alkaloid; nicotine to nornicotine conversion; TSNA; sensory quality
烟草特有亚硝胺(TSNA)是影响人体健康的主要有害物质之一。在目前已鉴定出的8种TSNA中,以亚硝基降烟碱(NNN)、亚硝基新烟草碱(NAT)、亚硝基假木贼碱(NAB)和4-(甲基亚硝胺)-1-(3-毗啶)-1-丙酮(NNK)含量最高。其中,NNN和NNK对人体具有明显的致癌活性[1-3]。生物碱和亚硝胺是TSNA生物合成的直接前体物,烟碱、降烟碱、新烟碱和假木贼碱在硝酸还原酶的作用下分别与亚硝酸发生反应生成NNK、NNN、NAT和NAB。降烟碱主要由烟碱脱去甲基而形成,通常以降烟碱与生物碱的比例来判断烟碱去甲基能力的强弱,即烟碱转化率。普通烟草(N. tabacum)受双隐性基因型(ctctcscs)控制而不具有烟碱去甲基能力,但在长期种植中,少数植株发生基因突变,提高了烟碱转化能力,导致烟株群体烟碱含量显著降低,降烟碱含量大幅增加,以白肋烟等晾晒烟较为突出。因此,人们通常把减少烟碱向降烟碱的转化以及降低降烟碱含量作为控制和减少TSNA的有效措施[2-3]。
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