海拔对烤烟品种NC102和NC297物理特性和化学成分的影响

发布时间:2019-08-23 来源: 历史回眸 点击:

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  摘 要:为探讨昆明烟区美引烤烟新品种NC102、NC297的海拔适应性,在栽培措施一致的前提下,分别在安宁县和嵩明县的2个植烟乡镇,以每100 m为海拔梯度,从海拔1700~2200 m共布置10个试验点,研究了种植海拔对两品种烤烟物理性状和化学成分含量的影响。结果表明:①烟叶化学成分和物理性状对种植海拔的敏感性表现为化学成分>物理性状;②在1700~2200 m的研究范围内,烟叶单叶重、开片度、总氮、钾、绿原酸和芸香苷与海拔高度呈显著或极显著负相关,含梗率、总糖和还原糖与海拔呈显著或极显著正相关。综合烟叶常规化学成分、多酚和香气物质含量认为,昆明烟区美引烤烟新品种NC102和NC297均更适宜种植在1700~1900 m的海拔区间,且烟叶品质表现为NC102>NC297。
  关键词:烤烟;品种;海拔高度;物理特性;化学成分;昆明
  中图分类号:S572.03 文章编号:1007-5119(2015)01-0042-06 DOI:10.13496/j.issn.1007-5119.2015.01.009
  Effect of Latitude on Physical Properties and Chemical Component of Flue-cured Tobacco Varieties NC102 and NC297 in Kunming
  WANG Yujun1, ZHOU Jiheng1*, ZHANG Yiyang1, LI Qiang1,
  CHEN Lijuan1, LIU Li1, JIANG Shidong1, CHEN Chu2
  (1. Institute of Tobacco, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;
  2. Hongyun Honghe Tobacco (Group) Co., Ltd., Kunming 650202, China)
  Abstract: Altitude adaptability of tobacco varieties of NC102 and NC297 were determined in two main tobacco growing townships in Anning and Songming county, Kunming. Data were collected in experiments conducted at 10 sites at every 100 m in the altitude range of 1700-2200 m, where cultivation practices were largely consistent. The effects of altitude on physical properties and chemical components of flue-cured tobacco were determined. The result indicated that: (1) The chemical components of leaves were more sensitive to altitude than the physical properties. (2) In the 1700-2200 m altitude range, altitude was significantly negatively correlated with leaf weight, opening degree, content of total nitrogen, potassium, chlorogenic acid and rutin. Also in the 1700-2200 m altitude range, altitude was significantly positively correlated with stem ratio, total sugar and reducing sugar content. In summary, Leaf chemical components, polyphenol content and aroma properties of NC102 and NC297 were optimum at altitude range of 1700-1900 m in Kunming, and the tobacco leaf quality decreased as follows: NC102>NC297.
  Keywords: flue-cured tobacco; variety; altitude; physical property; chemical component; Kunming
  目前,国内烟叶生产面临着推广品种单一,品种退化等现象[1],引进国外优良品种是解决上述问题的有效途径,也是适应卷烟工业企业对品牌导向型原料需求的重要举措[2]。为此,2005年云南烟草“工商”联动,开始了对美引烤烟品种的引育工作,并通过多年的实践,从7个抗病性较强的杂交种中筛选出了NC102和NC297两个最为优质的品种。烟叶质量风格的形成是多种环境因素共同作用的结果,光、温、水、肥、气、热等都是影响烟叶品质的重要生态因子,而这些因子往往随海拔高度的变化而相应发生改变。因此,海拔高度不是单一的因子,而是一个综合性的生态指标[3]。罗华元等[4]
  基金项目:红云红河烟草(集团)有限责任公司项目“云南基地烤烟品种立体优化布局研究”(HYHH2012YL03)
  作者简介:王育军,男,在读硕士研究生,主要从事烟草栽培与生理生化研究。E-mail:375319438@qq.com。*通信作者,E-mail:jhzhou2005@163.com

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