湘西烤烟主产区烟叶化学成分分析

发布时间:2019-08-25 来源: 感悟爱情 点击:

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  摘要[目的]分析评价湘西主产烟区烟叶化学成分,为烟区合理施肥提供依据。[方法]对湘西主产烟区共计140个烤烟样本的主要化学成分进行了统计分析和评价。[结果] 湘西烟区烟叶总糖、还原糖含量较高,烟碱含量最大值较大,烟叶糖碱比较大,总氮含量较为适宜;龙山、永顺、保靖烟区烟叶总糖、还原糖、氯含量较高,总烟碱、总氮含量较低,钾含量稍低;而凤凰、花垣、古丈、泸溪烟区烟叶总糖、还原糖、氯含量较低,总烟碱、总氮含量较高,钾含量稍高。 2014年,各烟区烟叶总糖、还原糖含量较大,总烟碱、总氮含量居中,烟叶化学成分含量较适宜。[结论] 针对湘西烟区情况,通过合理施肥,达到营养平衡,协调各产区烟叶的化学成分。
  关键词烤烟;化学成分;湖南烟区;湘西
  中图分类号S572文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2016)22-093-03
  Abstract[Objective] The aim was to study and analyze the chemical components of tobacco leaves in Xiangxi tobacco growing areas, and to provide basis for rational fertilization. [Method] A comparative and evaluated study was conducted for chemical components of 140 fluecured tobacco samples from the main tobacco growing areas of Xiangxi. [Result] Total sugar and reducing sugar content in Xiangxi tobacco were higher, nicotine content maximum value was bigger, chlorine minimum value was smaller, the sugar alkali was bigger, total nitrogen content was relatively appropriate; total sugar, reducing sugar and chlorine in Longshan, Yongshun, Baojing were higher; total nicotine and total nitrogen content were lower, potassium content was slightly lower; total sugar, reducing sugar, chloride content in Fenghuang, Huayuan Guzhang, Luxi were lower; total nicotine, total nitrogen content were higher; the potassium content was slightly higher. In 2014, total sugar and reducing sugar content was higher; total nicotine and total nitrogen was in the middle; chemical composition content was suitable. [Conclusion] According to the situation of Xiangxi tobacco area, the chemical composition of tobacco leaves in different tobacco growing areas were coordinated by rational fertilization and nutrient balance.
  Key wordsFluecured tobacco; Chemical components; Tobacco growing areas of Hunan Province; Xiangxi
  烟叶是我国重要的经济作物,湘西是我国主产烟区之一,烟叶种植面积达1.33万hm2。烟叶质量主要受到品种、生态条件、栽培措施、烘烤分级、调制陈化手段等因素的影响[1-3]。目前,国内对烟叶质量评价大多集中在研究部分质量指标间或集中在某两组质量指标间的关系,受样本来源、样本数量和检测方法的限制,使得分析结果差异较大。对湘西烟区烤烟进行综合质量评价,有利于寻找烤烟质量不足以及提升烟叶整体质量水平,同时也对烟叶生产经济效益的提高具有一定的现实意义[4],对卷烟企业合理使用原料、充分发挥各种烟叶质量潜力以及优质烟叶的生产具有极其重要的参考价值。
  1材料与方法
  1.1材料
  供试材料选自湘西龙山、永顺、凤凰、花垣、保靖、古丈、泸溪7个烟区的烟叶样品140个,部位选取能代表上、中、下3个部位烟叶特征的等级B2F、C3F和X2F烟叶样品各1 kg,用于化学成分鉴定评价。
  1.2方法
  烟叶化学成分评价指标有:还原糖、总植物碱、总氮、淀粉、钾、氯、糖碱比、氮碱比和钾氯比。化学成分采用的是常规的分析方法测定,其中总糖测定采用乙醇提取,蒽酮显色法;还原糖测定采用3,5-二硝基水杨酸比色法;总烟碱含量测定采用脱色法;总氮测定采用过氧化氢-硫酸消化法;淀粉测定采用蒽酮法;钾离子测定采用火焰光度法;氯含量测定采用莫尔法[5-6]。
  2结果与分析
  2.1湘西烟叶化学成分的描述性统计分析
  烟叶的化学成分对烟叶内在质量的影响较大。一般认为,总氮含量在15%~3.5%较为适宜,糖碱比在8~10较为合适,氮碱比以1较为合适,钾氯比≥4较为适宜[7]。湘西烟叶化学成分的描述性统计分析见表1。湘西烟区烟叶总糖、还原糖含量较高,烟碱含量最大值较大,烟叶糖碱比较大,总氮含量较为适宜,氯含量最小值较小,烟叶钾氯比变化范围较大。

相关热词搜索:湘西 烤烟 烟叶 主产区 化学成分

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