打顶后喷施钾肥对烤烟化学成分的影响

发布时间:2019-08-23 来源: 感悟爱情 点击:

http://img1.qikan.com.cn/qkimages/hnkx/hnkx201510/hnkx20151017-1-l.jpg
  摘 要:以中烟100为材料,研究打顶后喷施不同钾肥对烤烟化学成分的影响。结果表明,喷施硝酸钾烟叶的钾含量增加量最大,其钾氯比提高,常规化学成分含量更加接近优质烤烟的标准,喷施磷酸二氢钾和草酸钾也会使烤烟含钾量有所增加,但增量没有硝酸钾显著;打顶后喷施钾肥有利于叶绿素的降解,类胡萝卜素含量增加;喷施磷酸二氢钾和草酸钾有利于中性致香物质的生成。从烟叶化学成分分析,打顶后喷施磷酸二氢钾烟叶品质较好。
  关键词:打顶;钾肥;烤烟;化学成分
  中图分类号:S572 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-060X(2015)10-0051-04
  Effects of Spraying Potassic Fertilizers after Topping on Chemical
  Composition of Flue-cured Tobacco
  JING Yan-qiu1,YUAN Xiu-xiu1,WANG Wei-feng2,SUN Ming-hui3,
  LIU Ying-jie4,Lu Ping5,ZHANG Yue-hua5,XU Min6
  (1. College of Tobacco, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, PRC; 2. The Tobacco Company of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530023, PRC; 3. Luohe Tobacco Company of Henan Province, Luohe 462000, China; 4. Zhengzhou Tobacco Company of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, PRC; 5. Henan Tobacco Industry Limited Liability Company, Zhengzhou 450016, PRC; 6. China Tobacco Henan Industrial Corporation, Zhengzhou 450008, PRC)
  Abstract:Take Zhongyan100 as materials to study the effects of spraying different potassic fertilizers after topping on chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that tobacco potassium content increased most after spraying potassium nitrate, the ratio of potassium to chloride increased and routine chemical composition was closer to standard high-quality flue-cured tobacco. Spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium oxalate would also make tobacco potassium content increase, but the increment was not as significant as spraying potassium nitrate. Spraying potassic fertilizer after topping was beneficial to chlorophyll degradation and carotenoid content increase. Spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium oxalate was beneficial to the formation of neutral aroma substances. The analysis of chemical composition of tobacco leaves showed that the tobacco sprayed with potassium dihydrogen phosphate after topping was of better quality.
  Key words:topping; potassic fertilizer; flue-cured tobacco; chemical composition
  烟草是一种喜钾作物,同时钾也是烟草最重要的品质元素[1-2]。卷烟工业将含钾量作为评价烟叶品质的重要指标之一,钾含量髙的烟叶可降低烟气中的一氧化碳和焦油的释放量[3]。通过增加烟叶中钾的含量是提高烟叶品质的一项重要措施。我国烟叶与其他国家相比,劣势是烟叶中钾含量较低,平均含量未达到2%,烟叶品质的提高受到严重制约[4]。烟叶中钾含量低给我国优质烟叶的生产带来很大困扰[5]。提高烟叶钾含量进而提高烟叶品质成为行业内的研究热点之一。有研究表明[6]:可以通过打顶措施改变烟叶生长的库源关系,打顶后生长中心转移到烟草顶部,促进了生长物质的向上运输,增加烟叶中钾素的积累量。因此,为促进烟叶对钾的吸收,可在烟叶生长后期或打顶后施用含量较高的钾素,从而使更多钾素运输到烟叶中,增加烟叶钾的积累,达到烟叶钾含量的增加。目前市场上钾肥种类众多,笔者以不同钾肥为研究对象,在打顶当天分别对烟株喷施浓度为0.5%的钾肥硝酸钾、磷酸二氢钾、硫酸钾、草酸钾和酒石酸钾,探究打顶当天喷施钾肥对烤烟烟叶化学成分的影响,以期找到最适合在打顶期间喷施的钾肥,即最大限度地提高烟叶的含钾量进而提高烟叶品质。

相关热词搜索:打顶 烤烟 钾肥 化学成分 喷施

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