嘉禾烟区云烟99适宜留叶数与上部叶采收方式研究

　　摘 要：通过考察农艺性状、经济性状与烤后烟叶化学成分，初步研究了烤烟品种云烟99在郴州嘉禾的适宜留叶数与上部叶采收方式。结果表明：留叶17片和留叶15片处理的云烟99烟株农艺性状差异不明显，但留叶17片处理的上中等烟比例、均价和产值分别较留叶15片处理的高3.2个百分点、3.9%和4.8%，其中产值提高显著；留叶17片和留叶15 片处理烤后烟叶化学成分含量有一定差异，留叶15片处理还原糖与钾含量更接近优质烟标准，而留叶17片处理烟碱含量更接近优质烟标准。上部叶采收方式对云烟99烟株农艺性状影响不明显，上部叶一次采收处理的产量与产值较常规分次采收处理略有下降，但有利于提高上部烟叶质量，主要表现为钾含量提高和烟碱含量降低。这表明云烟99在郴州嘉禾烟区种植的适宜留叶数为17片，同时上部叶一次采收是可行的。
　　关键词：烤烟；云烟99；留叶数；采收方式；产质量；嘉禾县
　　中图分类号：S572.062 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1006-060X（2016）11-0020-04
　　Abstract：The optimal remained leaves number and harvest mode of upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco variety Yunyan 99 were studied by determination of agronomic traits， economic traits and chemical components in cured leaves. The results showed that： there was no evident difference in agronomic traits of Yunyan 99 between remained 17 leaves treatment and remained 15 leaves treatment， while the average price， proportion of superior and middle leaves and output value of remained 17 leaves treatment were higher than those of remained 15 leaves treatment by 3.9%， 3.2 percent point and 4.8% respectively， in which the increase in output value was significant. There existed differences in chemical components content in cured leaves between remained 17 leaves treatment and remained 15 leaves treatment， content of reducing sugar and K in remained 15 leaves treatment was more close to standard of high-quality tobacco than those of remained 17 leaves treatment， while content of nicotine showed the opposite trend between the two treatments. The harvest mode of upper leaves had no effect on agronomic traits of Yunyan 99. Compared to traditional harvest mode， yield and output value of upper leaves one time harvest treatment were slightly decreased， while the quality of upper leaves was improved， and it mainly showed an increase of K content and decrease of nicotine. So the optimal remained leaves number of Yunyan 99 in tobacco area of Jiahe County， Chenzhou City was17， and harvest upper leaves by one time was feasible.
　　Key words：flue-cured tobacco； Yunyan 99； remained leaves number； harvest mode； yield and quality； Jiahe county
　　栽培技术措施，如施肥量、施肥时期、种植密度与株行距、打顶时间等，对烤烟的长势长相、产量及烟叶内在品质有很大影响。烟株留叶数是关系烟叶产量和烟叶品质的重要因素。研究表明，留叶数与产量呈极显著正相关，但与级数呈极显著负相关[1-2]。李勇等[3]研究表明，烟株留叶数过少，产量会下降，且上部叶烟碱含量过高，工业可用性降低；留叶数过多，上部叶开片不好，烟叶化学成分比例失调，品质下降。烤烟上部烟叶采收方式也是近年来一个研究热点。研究认为，与常规分次采收相比，上部叶一次性采收有利于提高烤后烟叶外观质量和经济性状[4-5]，降低顶部烟叶厚度和烟碱含量[6-7]，改善烟叶香味品质[8]。烤烟产质量除受栽培措施与烘烤技术的影响外，还受到品种和生态条件的影响。因此，各烟区应因地制宜开展研究。
　　烤烟是嘉禾县重要的经济作物之一，烤烟种植对该县经济发展和农民增收起到了积极作用，也给烟草工业公司提供了大量的原料。但是长期以来，该县烟农种烟基本依靠经验，缺乏系统的技术指导；同时，烤烟品种更换也给烟农造成一定的困扰，对中烟公司的原料采购也有一定影响。为了获得质量稳定的烟叶原料，2015年，贵州中烟公司组织力量在嘉禾县烤烟基地单元开展了新引品种云烟99的栽培技术研究，现将烤烟适宜留叶数与上部叶采收方式试验结果报道如下。

相关热词搜索：嘉禾 采收 云烟 适宜 方式