网式装烟框装烟持续缓慢升温烘烤工艺研制与烘烤效果研究
发布时间:2019-08-23 来源: 感恩亲情 点击:
摘 要 为进一步提高网式装烟框散叶装烟的烟叶烘烤质量,研究了与之相匹配的持续升温烤香烤柔烘烤工艺(T),并与生产上推广应用的烘烤工艺(CK)进行了对比试验。结果表明,与CK相比,工艺T能显著改善烟叶等级结构;显著提高上等烟比例,下部叶、中部叶和上部叶分别提高294.32%、66.02%和17.89%;显著降低下低等烟、级外烟、光滑烟和僵硬烟的比例,下部叶的下低等烟、级外烟和光滑烟分别降低39.09%、58.98%和54.56%,中部叶的下低等烟降低31.19%,上部叶的下低等烟和僵硬烟分别降低47.02%和87.59%;烟叶总糖、还原糖含量和糖碱比更适宜;香气成分含量更高,下部叶、中部叶和上部叶分别提高5.88%、10.82%和2.92%;评吸质量更好。因此,烤香烤柔工艺(T)能显著改善烟叶外观质量、提高烟叶内在质量和可用性。
关键词 网式装烟框;持续缓慢升温;烘烤工藝;烘烤效果
中图分类号 TS44 文献标识码 A
Abstract A comparative experiment was conducted between aroma enhancement and softening curing technology (T) and the curing technology widely used (CK) to further improve the curing quality in a network loading tobacco frame. The results showed that, compared with CK, T technology could significantly improve tobacco grades. The ratio of fine tobacco of lower leaves, cutters and upper leaves increased 294.32%, 66.02% and 17.89% respectively. The ratio of lower grades, out of grade, slick and inflexible tobacco remarkably decreased, which was 39.09%, 58.98% and 54.56% correspondingly. The ratio of lower grades of cutters decreased 31.19%, and the ratio of lower grade and inflexible tobacco of upper leaves decreased 47.02% and 87.59% respectively. The total sugar, reducing sugar content and sugar nicotine ratio were more suitable. The aroma components increased for lower leaves, cutters and upper leaves by 5.88%, 10.82% and 2.92% correspondingly. The smoke panel test quality was better. So the softening curing technology (T) can significantly improve the appearance quality, inherent quality and usability of tobacco leaves.
Key words network loading tobacco frame; continuing slow rising temperature; curing technology; curing result
doi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2018.05.028
目前,我国密集烤房的装烟方式已朝着多样化方向发展,除了最普遍采用的绑(编)烟挂竿装烟之外,有些烟区还推广应用了散叶装烟方式,如散叶堆积、散叶插签装烟、散叶烟框装烟、散叶打捆装烟等,有些烟区推广应用了烟夹装烟等[1-14]。总的来看,这些装烟方式在设备成本、人工成本、烘烤效率、烟叶烘烤质量等方面各有利弊。本研究采用笔者研制的专利产品—密集烤房网式装烟框[15]散叶装烟,虽然增加了一定的设备成本,但装烟量较大,每间烤房装烟4 500~5 000 kg,装烟、下烟速度较快,烘烤效率高;使烟叶竖立在烟框中,在烘烤过程中烟叶只叶尖部分轻微倒伏,不影响通风排湿;由于装烟密度较大,叶间风速适宜,有利于烟叶烤香烤柔。但网式烟框装烟尚无配套烘烤工艺。烟叶在烘烤过程中发生了极其复杂的生理变化、生物化学反应、化学反应和物理变化,从而改变了烟叶的理化性状。只有烟叶所处的工艺条件(温度、相对湿度、烘烤时间)及其动态变化适宜,这些变化才会循序渐进地进行,才能使不利于烟叶品质大分子物质充分或适度降解转化,才有利于烟叶品质的形成与固定而烤黄、烤熟、烤香,才有利于烟叶缓慢收张而烤柔。
基于对烟叶烘烤机理的认识,为确保和提高网式装烟框散叶装烟的烟叶烘烤质量,研究了与网式装烟框装烟相匹配的持续缓慢升温烤香烤柔烘烤工艺,并与生产上的三段式烘烤工艺进行了对比试验,以期为烟区选择合适的装烟方式和制定配套烘烤工艺提供借鉴,进一步提高烟叶的烘烤质量和可用性,增加烟农经济收益,确保烤烟生产的可持续发展。
1 材料与方法
1.1 材料
试验于2016年在贵州省桐梓县花秋镇进行。6间供试密集烤房的结构相同。烤烟品种为云烟87,下部烟叶尚熟至成熟采收,中上部烟叶成熟采收。各处理各部位装烟量相同,供取样的烟叶相同,均装在烤房中层烘烤。
热点文章阅读