气氛调控养护对片烟醇化质量的影响
发布时间:2019-08-23 来源: 感恩亲情 点击:
摘要[目的]明确仓库气氛调控剂对贵州省特定温湿度条件下片烟醇化效果的影响。[方法]选取2011年度黔西南地区的B2X、B2C、B3B和黔南地区B2X、C3F、B2B 6个等级的片烟,进行气调养护贮存2年,以常规密封贮存为对照进行比较;再将醇化2年后的片烟按前处理继续贮存1年,进行延展性试验,通过测定样品的内在理化指标和感官质量评价来分析其影响程度。[结果]6个等级片烟经密封降氧贮存后,片烟颜色转深得到一定程度上的抑制;烟叶评吸综合得分与对照相比基本一致,随时间增加综合得分均有所上升;理化指标测定结果显示,密封降氧处理对烟叶的影响与正常贮存效果基本相同,总糖、还原糖和总植物碱含量均有所下降,糖碱比更趋向于最适。[结论]气调剂的使用对片烟的醇化进程抑制影响较小。
关键词 烟叶质量;自然醇化;气氛调控剂;密封降氧
中图分类号 S509.2 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2017)03-0086-04
Abstract[Objective] In order to identify the impact of airregulating agent on aging tobacco quality in Guizhou specific temperature and humidity conditions. [Method] The six grades of tobacco, B2X, B2C, B3B of southwest, and B2X, C3F, B2B of southern Guizhou Province in 2011 were selected to sealed deoxygenation aging for two years. After the pretreatment, the tobacco were continue to be stored for one year as extensibility experiment, and the normal aging group as controls. For analyzing the degree of influence, the physical and chemical analysis and artificial smoking value of the measured tobacco were tested. [Result] The results showed that composite score of artificial smoking value in six grades of tobacco with airregulating agent aging are consistent compared with the control group, and the tobacco color from overdarkening during aging were inhibited under said condition to a certain extent. The overall score is increasing with time. Physical and chemical analysis showed that the effect of sealed deoxygenation aging to tobacco as same as the control group. The total sugar, reducing sugar and total alkali of tobacco has declined, and the sugar/nicotine ratio tends to be more optimal. [Conclusion]There are no inhibition effect on putting airregulating agent to tobacco aging process.
Key words Quality of tobacco leaf;Nature aging;Airregulating agent;Sealed deoxygenation
烟叶醇化的实质是将烟叶中不利的品质成分在特定的环境条件下,经过连续的生物化学反应最终转换成有利的品质成分[1]。在这一过程中烟叶会受到物理因素(环境温度、相对湿度、空气含氧量)和生物因素(包括微生物、酶等)及烟叶醇化工艺(烟叶含水率、烟叶包装差异)等的影响,其中物理因素在醇化过程中起着极其重要的作用[2-5]。目前,为提高烟叶醇化品质,多釆用物理处理、添加活性物质、发酵工艺改造、加料醇化以及胶囊方法等各种技术来改善烟叶醇化条件[6-7]。
为响应安全环保理念,烟叶贮存过程中采用气调法对片烟进行养护在烟草行业中正逐步推广。仓库气氛调控剂对在库片烟的虫害和霉变防治起到一定效果,能杀虫灭卵,无毒无害,不燃不爆,常温仓储,降低成本;同时对因氧化引起的变色、褐变、油印等质量变化有很强的抑制作用,有利于保持烟叶的正常颜色和均匀度、光泽度及油分等,有利于烟叶的合理生产和卷烟质量的稳定提高[8-12]。由于仓库气氛调控剂的原理之一是降低貯存环境的氧气量,一定程度上抑制了酶促棕化反应,对卷烟原料的醇化起到了延缓作用,但其延缓影响及程度不甚清楚。而文献中多只是通过感官评吸来评价其对片烟内在质量的影响,因此降氧密封贮存对片烟综合质量的影响有待进一步研究。
筆者通过对贵州省内不同部位的初烤片烟及醇化2年后的片烟进行气调剂施放降氧封存,以密封非降氧处理作为对照,对试验前后样品的醇化品质进行分析,了解在贵州特定的温湿度条件下气氛调控剂对片烟醇化质量的影响,为拓展贵州烟叶的使用、稳定烟叶醇化质量、保持卷烟产品的质量稳定性奠定基础。
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