施氮量与施肥方式对南雄烟区烤烟产质量及氮素利用效率的影响
发布时间:2019-08-23 来源: 感恩亲情 点击:
摘 要:为了探索适宜南方多雨烟区的氮肥用量和施用方式,以粤烟97为材料,通过裂区设计研究了不同施氮量和不同的基追肥比例对烤烟产量、质量及氮素利用率的影响,施氮量设5、9、13 kg/667m2 3个水平;基追比例设10∶0(全部基施)、7∶3、3∶7三个水平;以不施化肥处理为参照,计算氮肥利用效率。结果表明:增施氮肥可以降低烤烟总糖、还原糖含量,但能提高烟碱含量;施氮量增加,施氮方式对氮素利用率无显著影响;氮施用量及化学氮基追比主要影响上部叶的化学成分;在南雄烟区,以9 kg/667m2的施氮量结合7∶3的基追比例进行施肥,效果最好。
关键词:烤烟;施氮量;基追肥比例;产质量;氮素利用;南雄
中图分类号:S143.1 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-060X(2015)10-0055-06
Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate and Method on Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Nanxiong Tobacco Area
ZHOU Xiao-feng1,2,JIN Ya-bo2,HUANG Wu2,HUANG Chong-jun2
(1.Guangxi University, Nanning 530001, PRC;2.China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co., Ltd, Nanning 530001, PRC)
Abstract:In order to explore appropriate nitrogen application rate and method for southern rainy tobacco areas, taking Yueyan 97 as the experimental material, the study investigated the effects of different nitrogen application rates and ratios between base fertilizer and dressing on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco as well as nitrogen use efficiency through split-plot design. The nitrogen application rate was set with three levels, 75, 135, 195 kg/hm2; the ratio between chemical nitrogen base fertilizer and dressing was also set with three levels, 10∶0 (basal application), 7∶3, 3∶7; no fertilizer was set as the control to calculate nitrogen use efficiency. The results showed that increasing the nitrogen application rate could reduce the content of total sugar and reducing sugar of flue-cured tobacco, but it could also increase the nicotine content. Increasing the nitrogen application rate and using different nitrogen application methods had no significant effects on nitrogen use efficiency. Nitrogen application rate and the ratio between chemical nitrogen base fertilizer and dressing mainly impact the chemical composition of upper leaves. In Nanxiong tobacco area, applying nitrogen at the rate of 135 kg/hm2 and combining with the ratio between base fertilizer and dressing of 7∶3 had the best effect.
Key words:flue-cured tobacco; nitrogen application rate; ratio between base fertilizer and dressing; yield and quality; nitrogen utilization; Nanxiong
氮肥用量及施用方式对烤烟产量、品质及烤烟氮素吸收率有较大影响,尤其对南方烟区来说,雨水较多,肥料损失严重,农民种烟成本较高。因此,研究氮肥用量及施用方式不仅能明确其与烟叶品质之间的关系,而且对烟农节本增收也有重要意义。
郭培国等[1]研究了不同施氮水平下烤烟对氮素的利用情况,结果表明,在烤烟生育期内,随着施氮量的增加,烤烟对肥料氮的吸收量增加,而对土壤氮的吸收量减少,土壤对肥料氮素的固定和氮肥损失量增加。秦艳青等[2]研究了不同供氮方式和施氮量对烤烟生长和氮素吸收的影响,结果表明,移栽后立即施用30%,移栽25 d后再施用70%,能够有效满足烤烟打顶前正常生长氮素需求。袁仕豪等[3]研究了多雨地区烤烟对基肥和追肥氮的利用率差异,结果表明,烤烟成熟前以吸收肥料氮为主,成熟期以吸收土壤氮为主,烤烟对追肥的利用率高于基肥,且适当加大追肥比例可提高多雨地区烤烟氮肥利用率。谷世昌等[4]研究了土壤质地、施氮量和施肥方式对烤烟生长的影响,表明施氮量为75 kg/hm2、基肥追肥比为3∶7、追肥分4个不同时期施用,最有利于氮肥的充分利用以及烤烟的品质形成。毛家伟等[5]研究了氮用量及基追比例对烤烟生长发育及产量的影响,认为烤烟施氮量以60 kg/hm2、施用方式以基∶追=3∶1为宜。
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