烟叶落黄过程中烟碱代谢规律及相关基因表达分析

发布时间:2019-08-25 来源: 短文摘抄 点击:


  摘 要:为探究烟草叶片落黄衰老过程中生物碱组分变化及代谢相关基因表达情况,以红花大金元为材料,气相色谱-质谱联用法测定中部烟叶生物碱含量,利用已有的烟草叶片衰老转录组数据(RNA-seq),分析叶片衰老成熟期烟碱代谢相关基因的表达水平,同时实时荧光定量PCR验证基因表达。结果显示,烟草进入成熟衰老期,叶片中烟碱、去甲基烟碱、新烟草碱、麦斯明等生物碱含量逐渐升高,烟碱转运蛋白基因JAT1、NUP1,烟碱转化基因CYP82E2、CYP82E4,烟碱合成基因ADC1、ODC2、BBL2以及烟碱代谢调控基因COI1、JAZ1、MYC2、MYC3呈现上调表达,而调控基因MTHFR1下调表达。差异表达基因协同调控烟碱代谢过程,影响衰老叶片中的烟碱合成与积累。
  关键词:烟碱;转录组;烟碱代谢基因;实时荧光定量PCR
  中图分类号:S572.03 文章编号:1007-5119(2017)06-0091-07 DOI:10.13496/j.issn.1007-5119.2017.06.014
  Abstract: In order to investigate the changes of alkaloid metabolism during tobacco leaf senescence, the contents of different alkaloids in the middle leaves of Honghuadajingyuan were analyzed after topping. Meanwhile the expression of genes related to nicotine metabolism was analyzed based on RNA-seq data and further verified by Real-time PCR. The results suggested that the contents of alkaloids, including nicotine, nornicotine, anatabine and myosmine, increased gradually during leaf senescence. Many nicotine metabolism related genes were up-regulated during senescence, including JAT1, MATE2 and NUP1 which control nicotine transportation; CYP82E2 and CYP82E4 that are involved in nicotine transformation; nicotine synthesis genes ADC1, ODC2 and BBL2; COI1, JAZ1, MYC3 and MYC4 that are implicated in regulating nicotine metabolism. One of the regulating genes of nicotine metabolism, MTHFR1, on the other hand, was shown to be down-regulated during tobacco leaf senescence. These genes might co-regulate the biosynthesis and accumulation of nicotine in tobacco leaves.
  Keywords: nicotine; transcriptome; nicotine metabolic gene; real-time PCR
  烟碱是重要的氮素化合物,其含量高低直接影响烟叶品质及香味,培育适宜烟碱含量的烟草品种,提高烟叶质量、降低卷烟制品对健康的危害一直是生产上追求的目标[1];了解烟叶落黄过程中烟碱代谢规律及基因表达变化,对改良烟草品质、指导烟草农业生产具有重要意义[2]。
  烟碱是生物碱中最主要成分,其干重占90%以上[3],烟碱合成部位为植物根部,利用维管组织运输至叶片中,储存于植物叶片的液泡[4]。目前烟碱合成机制已基本阐明,包括吡咯环和吡啶环的形成、两环的缩合。吡咯环和吡啶环合成较复杂,需经历多个酶促反应,如精氨酸脱羧酶(arginine decarboxylase, ADC)催化精氨酸形成腐胺[5],腐胺在腐胺-N-甲基转移酶(putrescine N-methyltransferase, PMT)作用下形成N-甲基腐胺(N-methyltransferase)[6],N-甲基腐胺氧化酶(N-methyltransferase oxidase,MPO)氧化N-甲基腐胺形成4-甲氨基丁醚[7]等,而吡啶环生成需要喹啉酸合成酶(quinolinate synthase, QS)、喹啉酸磷酸核糖基轉移酶(quinolinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase, QPT)的参与[5,8],最终两环在黄酮还原酶A622和小檗碱桥连酶BBL的作用下缩合形成烟碱[9-10],目前两环缩合的机制仍未知,参与缩合的烟碱合成酶基因尚未被克隆。
  烟叶成熟衰老过程中,烟碱发生去甲基化而转化成降烟碱,其中CYP82E4v1是该过程的重要调控因子[11],进一步研究证实CYP82E5v2、CYP82E2和CYP82E10也参与此反应[12],不同的是CYP82E4v1在衰老组织中表达活跃,而CYP82E5v2主要在未衰老的组织中表达。衰老后期烟叶中的烟碱含量升高,其中JAT1、MATE和NUP1蛋白发挥重要转运功能,JAT1、MATE主要位于液泡膜上,负责将胞质内烟碱转运至液泡内,而NUP1定位于质膜,主要运输胞质外烟碱至胞内,此外NUP1具有很强的特异性,不能转运新烟碱和降烟碱[13]。烟碱合成过程受植物激素调控,如茉莉酸、生长素、乙烯等[6],茉莉酸能够激活烟碱合成基因的表达,而生长素和乙烯是烟碱合成的负调控因子,抑制烟碱的合成;同时,COI1和JAZ1以及肌醇戊基磷酸分子组成的茉莉酸受体复合体能够感知并应答茉莉酸信号,改变烟碱合成基因的转录活性,影响烟碱合成[14];此外,转录因子ERF32、ORC1、bHLH1/2和MYC2等通过介导JA途径也参与调控烟碱代谢[15-17]。

相关热词搜索:烟碱 烟叶 代谢 过程中 基因

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