湘南典型浓香型烟叶产区烤烟大田生育期气候特征分析

　　摘 要：为揭示与湘南典型浓香型烤烟风格特色密切相关的生态因子，采用湘南桂阳和江华烟区1981—2010年气象观测资料，以非线性多项式拟合回归方法分析湘南烟区烤烟生育期气候变化特征。研究结果表明：（1）桂阳和江华烟区烤烟伸根期气温均低于15 ℃，日照时数均在4 h以下，日降水量持续上升，表现出少光多雨，气温偏低的特点，其中移栽期和伸根期“低温寡照”是影响湘南典型浓香型烟叶风格特征的主要限制因子。（2）桂阳和江华烟区成熟期最高气温分别是29.27 ℃和28.35 ℃，日均光照时数6月下旬后持续增加，温差也随之增大，而降雨量逐渐减少，空气相对湿度逐渐降低，表现出多光少雨，气温偏高，相对湿度低的特点，其中成熟期“高温逼熟”是影响湘南典型浓香型烟叶风格特征的主要限制因子。湘南烟区成熟期的西南季风和地方焚风是影响浓香型烟叶风格特色彰显的气象因子之一。
　　关键词：桂阳；江华；烤烟；生育期；气候
　　中图分类号：S572.04 文章编号：1007-5119（2015）04-0056-07 DOI：10.13496/j.issn.1007-5119.2015.04.010
　　Analysis of the Climate Characteristics during Field Growth Period of Tobacco in Producing Areas of the Typical Strong Flavor Type Tobacco Leaves in Xiangnan
　　CHEN Yi1， ZHOU Qingming1， YANG Hongqi1*， YANG Hongwu2， LI Hongguang3， SUN Shubin1
　　（1.The Key Laboratories of Tobacco Technology and Health； College of Biological Science and Technology， Hunan Agricultural University， Changsha 410128， China； 2. Tobacco Agricultural Experiment Station of Central-South China， Changsha 410128， China； 3. Chenzhou Tobacco Company of Hunan Province， Chenzhou， Hunan 423000， China）
　　Abstract： In order to reveal the ecological factors that are closely related to the style features of the typical strong flavor type flue-cured tobacco in Xiangnan， we analyzed the climate change characteristics during tobacco growing period of Xiangnan tobacco cultivation areas with a nonlinear polynomial regression method using meteorological data in Guiyang and Jianghua tobacco areas from 1981 to 2010. The results showed that （1） The temperature at the rooting stage of Guiyang and Jianghua districts was below 15 ℃， daylight time was less than 4 hours， and daily precipitation kept rising， showing the climate feature of less light with more rain and low temperature. Moreover， the feature of low temperature and less light at transplanting and rooting stages was the main limiting factor that affected the style characteristic of the typical strong flavor tobacco leaves of Xiangnan. （2） The highest temperature at maturity stage of Guiyang and Jianghua area was respectively 29.27 ℃ and 28.35 ℃， and as daylight time continued increaing after late June， the temperature difference increased greatly， while the rainfall reduced， so did the relative air humidity， showing the climate feature of more light with less rain， high temperature and low humidity. Moreover， the feature of high temperature at the maturity stage contributed to the major limiting factor that affected the style characteristic of the typical strong flavor tobacco leaves of Xiangnan. Southwest monsoon and local fohn at maturity stages were also believed to be the meteorological factors that affected style characteristics reveal of the typical strong flavor tobacco leaves in Xiangnan areas.

相关热词搜索：烤烟 大田 烟叶 产区 生育