4短文级翻译

4短文级翻译篇一：四六级短文翻译

1.狮舞（Lion Dance）是中国最广为流传的民间舞蹈之一。狮为百兽之首，在中国传统中，狮子被视为是能带来好运的吉祥物（mascot）。古人将狮子视作是勇敢和力量的化身，能驱赶邪恶、保护人类。据记载，狮舞已拥有了2,000多年的历史。在唐代（the Tang Dynasty），狮舞就已经被引入了皇室。因此，舞狮成为元宵节（the Lantern Festival）和其他节日的习俗，人们以此来祈祷好运、平安和幸福。

The Lion Dance is one of the most widespread folk dances in China. The lion is the king of animals. In Chinese tradition, the lion is regarded as a mascot, which can bring good luck. Ancient people regarded the lion as a symbol of braveness and strength, which could drive away evil and protect humans. The dance has a recorded history of more than 2,000 years. During the Tang Dynasty, the Lion Dance was already introduced into the royal family of the dynasty. Therefore, performing the lion dance at the Lantern Festival and other festive occasions became a custom where people could pray for good luck, safety and happiness.

2.中国将进一步发展经济、扩大开放，这对海外企业（enterprises）意味着更多的商机。改革开放以来，中国企业与海外企业一直积极开展经济技术合作，并取得了巨大成就。海外企业不仅帮助了中国企业的成长，而且也在合作中获得了收益。中国政府将继续提供有利的政策和条件，推动中国企业与国外企业进一步开展合作。

China will develop its economy further and open itself wider to the outside world, which offers more business opportunities to overseas enterprises. Since China’s reform and opening up, Chinese enterprises have been cooperating with overseas enterprises in terms of economy and technology, and have scored great achievement. Overseas enterprises have not only helped Chinese enterprises with their growth, but also benefited from the cooperation. Chinese government will continue to offer favorable policies and conditions to promote the further cooperation between Chinese and overseas enterprises.

3.假日经济的现象表明：中国消费者的消费观正在发生巨大变化。根据统计数据，中国消费者的消费需求正在从基本生活必需品转向对休闲、舒适和个人发展的需求。同时，中国人的消费观在蓬勃发展的假日经济中正变得成熟。因此产品结构应做相应调整，来适应社会的发展。另一方面，服务质量要改善，以满足人们提高生活质量的要求。

The phenomenon of holiday economy shows that Chinese people’s consumption concept is undertaking great changes. According to statistics, the demands of Chinese consumers are shifting from the basic necessities of life to leisure, comfort and personal development. Therefore, the structure of products should be adjusted accordingly to adapt to social development. On the other hand, services should be improved to satisfy people’s demand for an improved quality of life.

4.端午节，又叫龙舟节，是为了纪念爱国诗人屈原。屈原是一位忠诚和受人敬仰的大臣（minister）,他给国家带来了和平和繁荣。但最后因为受到诽谤（vilify）而最终投河自尽。人们撑船到他自尽的地方，抛下粽子，希望鱼儿吃粽子，不要吃屈原的身躯。几千年来，端午节的特色在于吃粽子（glutinous dumplings）和赛龙舟，尤其是在一些河湖密布的南方省份。

The Duan Wu Festival, also called the Dragon Boat Festival, is to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan was a loyal and highly esteemed minister, who brought peace and prosperity to the state but ended up drowning himself in a river as a result of being vilified. People got to the spot by boat and cast glutinous dumplings into the water, hoping that the fishes ate the dumplings instead of Qu Yuan’s body. For thousands of years, the festival has been marked by glutinous dumplings and dragon boat races, especially in the southern provinces where there are many rivers and lakes.

5.2013年6月20日在中国各地，剧估计60万儿童和他们的老师观看了有宇航员（astronaut）王亚平在距离地球300公里的上空所讲授的科学课。王亚平与两个同事乘坐天宫一号实验舱(the Tiangon-1 laboratory module) 执行为期两周的任务。她在课上进行了一系列太空的物理演示。在有些演示中还对比了在地球上重力（one-gravity）环境下同样的实验。这堂物理课不仅让孩子们享受了一堂知识与乐趣兼具的物理课，也显示了我国通信科技的前进。 On June 20, 2013, an estimated 600 thousand school children and their teachers across China watched a science lesson taught from 300km above the Earth by astronaut Wang Yaping. Wang is aboard the Tiangong-1 laboratory module with two crewmates, for a two-week mission. Her lessons were a series of physics demonstrations in the space. In some demonstrations, she compared with the same experiment under the one-gravity environment on Earth. The lesson has not only offered children a physics lesson with knowledge and interest, but also shows the advance in communication technology of China.

6.朝气蓬勃，充满活力，丰富多彩的上海是现代中国的缩影。虽然上海的文化遗迹不能与北京媲美，但是上海迷人的城市风貌，风格各异的万国建筑为这座城市注入了无限的魅力。今日之上海，已经成为享誉中外的国际大都市。漫步在这座日新月异的现代大都市里，你会发现许多精彩的历史亮点，隐现在众多摩天大楼背后的是上海发展变化的轨迹。它们记述了上海自十九世纪末开埠以来，尤其是新中国成立以后，是如何迅猛发展的。

Shanghai is a dynamic, diverse and stimulating city - the very epitome of modern China. Though Shanghai cannot rival Beijing in cultural heritage, its varied architectural styles and cosmopolitan feel give it a charm of its own. Today's Shanghai has become a world-famous international metropolis. A walk through this booming city reveals many glimpses of its colorful past. Hidden a mongst the skyscrapers are remains of the original Shanghai. They keep on showing how Shanghai has been developing fast and enormously since its opening as a commercial port in the late 19th century, especially after the founding of new China.

7.近代以来，亚洲经历了曲折和艰难的发展历程。亚洲人们为改变自己的命运，始终以不屈的意志和艰辛的奋斗开辟前进道路。今天，人们所看到的亚洲发展成就，是勤劳智慧的亚洲人民不屈不挠、锲而不舍奋斗的结果。亚洲人民深知，世界上没有放之四海而皆准的发展模式，也没有一成不变的发展道路，亚洲人民勇于变革创新，不断开拓进取，探索和开辟适应时代潮流，符合自身实际的发展道路，为经济社会发展打开了广阔前景。

In modern times, Asia experienced twists and turns in its development. To change their destiny, the people of Asia have been forging ahead in an indomitable spirit and with hard struggle. Asia's development achievements today are the result of the persistent efforts of

the industrious and talented Asian people. The people of Asia re fully aware that there is no ready model or unchanging path of development that is universally applicable. They(来自:WWw.zHaoqT.net 蒲公 英文 摘:4短文级翻译) never shy away from reform and innovation. Instead, they are committed to exploring and finding development paths that are in line with the trend of the times and their own situations, and have opened up bright prospects for economic and social development.

8.、吸烟之危害，可谓大矣，其严重性是不能低估的。吸烟污染空气，损害健康，使肺癌发病率大大增加。为了使各国人民关注烟草的盛行及预防吸烟导致的疾病和死亡，世界卫生组织已将每年的5月31日定为“世界无烟日”。瘾君子们说，一天饭不吃可以，一个时辰不抽烟就难捱了，不能戒。只要真正意识到吸烟有百害而无一利，于人于己都是一种祸害，就有可能下决心摆脱烟草的诱惑。戒烟贵在坚持，坚持下去就是收获。

Smoking does great harm to human and its gravity should not be underestimated. Smoking pollutes air, damages health, and increases the incidence of lung cancer. To arouse the awareness about the prevalence of tobacco in all the countries and to prevent smoking-induce diseases and deaths, the WHO (World Health Organization) has defined May 31stin every year as World No-Tobacco Day. The tobacco addicts say that smoking is impossible to quit because they could do without meals in a day but would feel tortured without tobacco in two hours. However, when one realizes that smoking is harmful in many ways but beneficial in no way and that it is a curse to others as well as to he himself, he will be determined to resist the temptation of tobacco. To quit smoking requires persistence and so long as one persists, he’ll be rewarded.

9.越来越多受英文教育的海外华人父母，已经认识到孩子在掌握不可或缺的英文的同时，也通晓中文的重要性。中国的崛起，让他们充分认识到孩子掌握双语的好处——既能增加他们的就业机会，也能让他们接触和熟悉东西方两种不同的文化。这些人对中文的态度几乎没有完全改变。曾几何时，他们还非常骄傲地宣称自己只懂英文。现在，他们已开始积极支持孩子学习中文和中国文化，而且还不时走访中国，欣赏壮观的自然风光，认识丰富的文化遗产。 An increasing number of English-educated Chinese parents overseas have come to the realization that while English learning is indispensable to their children, it is essential that their kid shave a good command of Chinese. China’s rise has fully awakened their awareness of the fact that their kids can benefit rom their bilingual ability which can not only enhance their competitiveness in the job market, but also facilitate their exposure to and familiarity with the two different cultures between the East and the West. They have hardly changed their attitudes towards Chinese. At one time they proudly declared that they knew English only. Now, they have begun to give full support to their kids learning Chinese and its culture, and they also make occasional visits to China, where they can enjoy its magnificent natural landscape and get to know its rich cultural heritage.

10、我赞同许多东亚学者的观点，东方文明可以医治盛行于西方世界的一些顽疾。西方世界个人自由主义泛滥导致了极端个人主义、性关系混乱以及过度暴力行为，对此我们不能视而不见。// 相反，东方社会的自我约束力，集体责任感以及温厚儒雅的传统倒可以消除西方社会的许多恶疾。// 在这个信息时代，世界已缩小成一个地球村。这个地球村里，不再有什么泾渭分明的东方世界和西方世界，我们是生活在同一个社区里的邻里。// 因此，我

们彼此之间无须冲突。我们之间的关系应该是一种友好合作，平等互补的关系。我们应该相互理解，相互学习，和睦共处。

I share the same view with many East Asian scholars that the Oriental civilization can heal some of the prevailing ,stubborn Western ills. We should not turn a blind eye to the fact that individual freedom has gone overboard in the West, resulting in extreme individualism, sexual promiscuity and excessive use of violence.// By contrast, self-discipline, corporate responsibility and the pacific tradition of East Asia can offset many Western vices.// At this age of information, the world has shrunk as a global village in which there will be no clear-cut worlds of the East and the West any more, but a world of one community with neighboring families.// Therefore, we do not necessarily have to come into clash with each other. Our relationship is one of friendly cooperation, equality and mutual complementarity and therefore, we should understand and learn from each other, and live in harmony.//

11.、国际贸易的基本原则是平等互利，各国追求各自的利益是正常的，出现一些摩擦和纠纷也是不可避免的。关键要以冷静而明智的态度正确对待和处理摩擦和纠纷。// 就中美贸易而言，互利共赢的经贸关系给两国人民带来了实实在在的经济利益。今天，美国在华投资设立的企业已超过4 万家，投资额达450 亿美元。// 美国500 强企业有400 多家进入中国，大多数企业获利丰厚。与此同时，在美国市场上，许多中国商品受到美国消费者的青睐。中国在美国投资设立的企业已超过1000 家。// 我们可以预见，中美贸易摩擦将随着经贸关系的深化而凸显，但是中美经贸合作的总体发展是不可逆转的。主要有两个原因，其一：中美贸易具有很大互补性。其二：中国产品具有明显的劳动力成本优势。//

Equality and mutual benefit is the fundamental principle of international trade. Therefore, it is normal that countries will seek to protect their own interests, which may lead to trade friction sand disputes. The key lies in how to cope with these issues correctly in a cool and wise manner.// As for China-US trade, mutually beneficial and win-win trade and economic ties have delivered tangible economic benefits to the two peoples. Now, with over 40,000 U.S.- invested enterprises, the total investment in China stands at $45 billion.// Of the top 500 U.S companies, more than 400 have their business in China, and most of them are making handsome profit. At the same time, many Chinese commodities have become favored choices of American consumers. Meanwhile, the number of Chinese-invested enterprises in the United Sates has surpassed 1,000.// We predict that trade disputes between China and the United States will become more acute along with the further development in bilateral trade and economic cooperation. The overall development in bilateral trade and economic cooperation is, however, irreversible. There are two factors contribute to this trend. Firstly, the Sino-U.S. economic and trade relations enjoy complementarities in vast fields. Secondly, China has an outstanding labor cost advantage.//

12、中国国际出版集团是中国最大的、最权威的外语出版发行单位，其前身是中央人民政府新闻出版署国际新闻局。// 我集团坚持“让中国走向世界，让世界了解中国”的出版原则，全心致力于中国外语教育与研究事业的发展，全心致力于中外文化交流事业的拓展。// 为了加强对出版人才队伍的建设，为了满足日益增长的特殊出版业务的需要，我集团每年都要选派一些青年员工到国内外知名高等学府和研究机构进修，// 根据我们的发展战略，我们会将前进的步伐迈出国界走向世界，瞄准海外读者群，这一战略已取得了良好的开局。//

The China International Publishing Group is the largest and the most authoritative foreign language publishing and distribution establishment, its predecessor being the International Press Bureau of the Central People's Government Press and Publication

Administration.//Adhering to the publishing philosophy of “assisting China's march to the world and facilitating world's understanding of China”, the Group commits itself entirely to promoting foreign language education and research in China and advancing cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries.// In order to build up a strong team of publishing staff, as well as to meet the growing need of more technically demanding business, the Group makes it a rule that young staff be selected and sent to noted

universities and research institutions, both domestic and overseas, for further studies.// As is clearly spelled out in our new development strategy, we will go beyond our national boundaries and wedge ourselves into the world circulation market, aiming at the international readership. Our initial effort shave been very rewarding.//

13.改革开放30 年来，随着中国逐渐崛起成为政治经济强国，海外人士学习汉语的现象与日俱增，海外孔子学院也成了人们学习中国语言和中国文化的首选之地。// 通过学习汉语，他们对这个和自己文化大相径庭的古老文明产生了浓厚的兴趣，而且有机会了解中国的哲学、艺术、医学、饮食文化，亲身体验这个文明古国的风采。// 作为第二文化，中国文化也丰富了他们的生活和世界观。可以说，这个潮流方兴未艾。越来越多的学习汉语的美国人除了对中国菜肴赞不绝口之外，也在尝试针灸，草药和武术。//他们也看功夫电影，学习东方时装潮流和手工艺，不知不觉的在日常生活中谈及中国的点心，人参、银杏，乌龙茶等。目前在美国最热门的中国文化是道家学说和有着神秘色彩的风水学。

As China is rising as a political and economic world power, thanks to its three-decade reform and opening up, more and more people in overseas countries start to learn Chinese and turn to a Confucius Institute in their own countries as their first choice learning Chinese language and Chinese culture.// During the learning process, the learners concurrently develop their interest in this ancient land, whose civilization is so vastly different from theirs. And the learners have opportunities to learn about Chinese philosophy, art,

architecture, medicine and catering culture and experience first-hand the splendors of this venerable civilization.// As the second culture, Chinese culture has eiched the life and world outlook of the learners. This trend, so to speak, is gathering momentum and is there to stay. Apart from their love for Chinese cuisine, more and more American learners of Chinese language are turning to Chinese acupuncture ,herbal medicines, martial arts.// They are also interested in kongfu films, fashions and crafts. Seemingly outlandish words such as dim sum, ginseng, gingko, oolong cha have crept into their everyday language. The latest Chinese cultural icons to make its impact there are Taoism, and ancient school of thought, and fengshui, an ancient art of placement.//

14、上海菜系是中国最年轻的地方菜系，通常被成为“本帮菜”，有着400多年的历史。同中国其他菜系一样，“本帮菜”具有“色，香，味”三大要素。//上海菜的特点是注重调料的使用，食物的质地和菜的原汁原味。其中最著名的有特色点心“南翔小笼”和特色菜“松鼠鲑鱼”。//“南翔小笼”是猪肉馅，个小味美，皮薄汁醇。“松鼠鲑鱼”色泽黄亮，形如松鼠，外皮脆而内肉嫩，汤汁酸甜适口。//在品尝过“松鼠鲑鱼”之后，我们常常惊讶于“松鼠”的形状，觉得在三大评价标准上在添加“形”这个标准才更合适。//

4短文级翻译篇二：英语四级短文翻译综合

1. 中秋习俗

在中国月饼是一种特殊的食品，广受海内外华人的欢迎。中秋吃月饼就好比圣诞节吃馅饼(mince pies)。为了庆祝中秋节，中国人通常做两件事：一是观赏满月。二是品尝美味的月饼。中秋节是每年农历八月十五日。据说，这一天的月亮是一年中最圆的。而月亮正是庆贺中秋的全部主题。在中国人眼中，月饼象征着全家人的大团圆。

参考译文：

Moon cakes are a special kind of food in China. They are very popular with the Chinese at home and abroad. Moon cakes are to Mid-Autumn Festival what mince pies are to Christmas. To celebrate Mid-Autumn Festival, Chinese usually do two things :enjoy the full moon and eat delicious moon cakes. Mid-Autumn Festival falls on the 15th day of the 8th month of the lunar calendar. It is the time when the moon is said to be at its brightest and fullest. And the moon is what this celebration is all about. In the eyes of the Chinese people ,a moon cake symbolizes the reunion of all family members.

讲解：第二句中的“??就好比”可以用“??s like?”，但译文中所用句型更好地表达这个含义。如：“智力之于大脑，犹如视力之于躯体。“ Intellect is to the mind what sight is to the body.” 2. 传统艺术

皮影戏又称“影子戏”。它是中国著名民间戏剧形式之一。表演时艺人通常一边演唱一边操纵用兽皮或纸板制作的人物形象。它们的影子通过灯光出现在帘布上。这营造了有人物在活动的幻象。有时表演者需要控制三到四个偶人。皮影戏在我国历史悠久，元代时还曾传到世界上很多国家，迷倒了不少国外戏迷，被人们亲切地称为“中国影灯”。

参考译文

The shadow puppet play, also known as ‘shadow play’, is one of China’s famous folk opera forms. During the performance, players usually sing while holing/manipulating human figures, which are made of animal skin and paper board. The shadows of those human figures are reflected on a curtain through the light. This creates the illusion of moving images. Sometimes the performer needs to control three or four puppets. Shadow puppet play enjoys a long history in China. It was introduced to many countries during the Yuan Dynasty and attracted many foreign audience. They call the art form Chinese shadow play.

3. 社交饥渴

手机，是一项伟大的发明。但很显然，手机也刷新了人与人的关系。会议室门口通常贴着一条公告：请与会者关闭手机。可是，会议室里手机铃声仍然响成一片。我们都是普通人，并没有多少特别重要的事情。

尽管如此，我们也不会轻易关掉手机。打开手机象征着我们与这个世界的联系。显然，手机反映出我们的“社交饥渴症”。(thirst for socialization)

参考译文

The cell phone is a great invention. But obviously, It has altered the relationship among people. There is usually a notice on the door of the meeting room, which reads, “Please turn off your hand-set.” However, phones ring now and then when the meeting goes on. We are but ordinary people and have few urgencies to tackle with. Never the less, we will not switch off our phones easily. Phones-on symbolize sour connecting with this world. Obviously, cell phone has been reflecting our “thirst for socialization”.

4. 北京介绍

北京是座有三千年历史的古城。早在公元前十一世纪，北京就是燕国的国都，因此北京有燕京之称。在以后的几千年里，北京又成为金、元、明、清各朝的国都。北京是中国的六大古都之一，其他五个是西安、南京、洛阳、开封和杭州。北京是座既古老又年轻的城市，有许多名胜古迹。从故宫、天坛到颐和园，你们可以看到北京保留了许多昔日的风采。

参考译文

Beijing is an ancient city with a history of 3,000 years. As early as the 11th century, B.C., it was the capital of the Kingdom of Yan; that's why Beijing is also known as Yanjing. In the few thousand years afterwards, Beijing again served as the capital for the Jin Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties. Beijing is one of China's six ancient capitals; the other five are Xi’an，Nanjing, Luoyang, Kaifeng, and Hangzhou .Beijing is a city both old and young, with many places of historical interest and scenic beauty. From the

Forbidden City, the Temple of Heaven, and the Summer Palace, you can see that Beijing has retained a lot of color of old Chinese life.

5. 生活习惯

多少年来，我养成了一个习惯：每天早晨四点在黎明以前起床工作。我不出去跑步或散步，而是一下床就干活儿。因此我对黎明前的北京的了解是在屋子里感觉到的。我从前在什么报上读过一篇文章，讲黎明时分天安门广场上的清洁工人。那情景必然是非常动人的，可惜我从未能见到，只是心向往之而已。

参考译文

For many years, I have been in the habit of getting up before daybreak to start work at

four .Instead of going out for a jog or walk, I’ll set about my work as soon as I’m out of bed. As a result, it is from inside my study that I've got the feel of predawn Beijing. Years ago, I hit upon a newspaper article about street cleaners in Tian’anmen Square at daybreak. It must have been a very moving scene, but what a pity I haven’t seen it with my own eyes. I can only picture it in my mind longingly.

6. 保护动物

目前，人类的生存环境正在遭到破坏，美丽的大自然已经不那么美丽了。保护野生动物，也就是保护人类自己。我强烈呼吁：不要再捕杀黑猩猩，不要再捕杀野生动物了，让我们人类多一些地球上的朋友，多给我们下一代保留一些野生动物吧! 否则，地球将毁灭在人类手中，人类将毁灭在自己手中。

参考译文

At present, man’s living environment is being ruined, and beautiful nature is no longer so beautiful. Protection of wild life is protection of man himself. So I appeal strongly to all to stop killing the

chimpanzee or any other wild animal .Let us human beings have more friends on the earth, and leave more wild life for future generations. Or the earth would be destroyed by man, and man by man himself.

7. 学习英语

到中国来旅游观光的人很少不会注意到中国人学习英语的劲头。公园里有专门的英语角，老老少少会定期聚在一起操练。马路上外国游客常常被学习英语的人围住交谈，从天气到政治，无所不谈。各种英语班如雨后春笋在到处出现。

参考译文

Few visitors to China will fail to notice the eagerness of the Chinese to learnEnglish.2) In public parks there are special corners where English learners old and young gather at regular time to practise their spoken English.3) Foreignvisitors are often besieged on streets by English learners who want to talk with them in English abut anything from weather to politics.4) English classes are mushrooming across the land.

8. 发明创造

过去50年其实并不是发明创新的黄金时期。从1900年到1950年，改变人类生活的发明有汽车、飞机、电话、收音机、电视机——当然还有核武器和计算机。而近50年来，只有为数不多的发明。难道发明的源泉已经枯竭了吗？答案并非如此。事实上，发明的新时代刚刚开始。

参考译文

Actually the last fifty years was not the golden age of invention and innovation. From 1900 to1950, human life was transformed by such invention as cars, aeroplanes,telephones, radios and television sets, not to mention nuclear weapons and the computer of course. In the recent 50 years since only a few inventions have been made, was the wellspring of invention drying up? Not likely. Indeed, a new age of invention is just beginning.

9. 电脑技术

有些人担心电脑技术的广泛使用会进一步恶化就业形势。但另一种观点认为尽管这对个人来说会丢掉饭碗，对整个社会来说由于提高了生产率，因而有利于经济的发展。不管对社会影响如何，有一点是肯定的：有技术的人变得越来越吃香，没技术的人工作越来越难找。

参考译文

Some people are worrying that the wide use of computer technology will cause further

unemployment. Another argument however holds that although some individual swill lose their jobs society as a whole will benefit economically through increases in productivity. Despite its effects on

society one thing is certain :the technically trained will become ever more valuable while the jobs for the blue-collar population will become less available.

10. 个人集体

不管是在一个公司，还是在一个政府里，重大的决定总是个人作出的，而不是集体。我们需要集体的讨论，因为可以交流看法和经验。但是集体讨论不能代替个人的作用。理由很清楚，如要作出一个重大的决定，集体总是不能对迅速变化的事件作出同样迅速的反应。

参考译文

An important decision is always made by individuals not by committees whether it involves a

company or a government. We need committees because that’s where people could share their opinions and experiences. But they could not replace individuals .The reason is obvious: a committee faced with a major decision can’t always move as quickly as the events it is trying to respond to.

11. 学习机会

上大学给人们提供了在无边无际的知识海洋里遨游探索的机会。为了丰富多彩的人生，大学生应该充分利用目前读大学的大好时光。他们应该意识到上大学决不仅仅意味着得到一个学位，得到一个好的工作。他们如果不满足于专业课内容，就会终生受益。

参考译文

College provides a chance to explore the vast areas of unlimited knowledge. To have a rich full life a college student should make the most of the opportunities at hand. He should realize that going to

college means a lot more than earning a degree and securing a good job. If he can explore beyond his immediate career objective she will enjoy the rest of his life.

12. 文化交流

4短文级翻译篇三：英语四六级作文及翻译

家庭暴力(domestic violence)指的是在亲密关系(intimate relationship)中一方对另一方的虐待。通常来说，受害者是儿童和妇女。在中国古代，人们认为男人有权利惩罚他的孩子和妻子。广义上讲，家庭暴力不局限于明显的身体暴力，它也有许多其他的形式。关于家庭暴力产生的原因，出现了许多不同的理论，比如犯罪者的性格和心理特征。外部因素也有影响，比如犯罪者所处的环境。然而，没有一种理论能涵盖所有情况。

参考译文：

Domestic violence refers to the abuse by one partner against another in an intimate relationship.Commonly the victims are children and women.In ancient China, people believe that a man has the right to punish his children and wife.In a broad sense, domestic violence is not limited to obvious physical violence.There are many other forms of violence.Many different theories are brought up as to the causes of domestic violence,such as the the perpetrators' personality and mental

characteristics.External factors also play a part,such as the perpetrators' surroundings.However, no theory seems to cover all cases.

Criminal

Mental characteristic

青年奥林匹克运动会是专为全世界青年人设立的综合体育赛事。第二届夏季青年奥林匹克运动会于2014年8月16日至28日在南京举行。本届青奥会的口号是“分享青春 共筑未来”;寓意全世界青年人在奥林匹克精神感召下，欢聚一堂，相互切磋，相互鼓励，增进友谊，共同成长。吉祥物创意来自雨花石，意为提倡自然、运动、健康、快乐的生活方式;会徽将南京明城墙城门和江南民居轮廓组合在一起，勾勒出“NANJING”字样，寓意青春之门。参考译文：

Youth Olympic Games, a comprehensive sports event, is designed for young people all over the world. The second summer youth Olympic Games was held from August 16, 2014 to 28 in Nanjing. Its slogan is "Share the youth, Build the future”, which means the young people around the world in the Olympic spirit, get together and play

each other, encourage each other, enhance friendship and grow up together. Its Mascot comes from rain flower stones, advocating a lifestyle of natural, sports, healthy and happy; Its emblem will outline NANJING Ming city wall gate and folk houses together, with the idea of the gate of youth.

specially

中国水资源地区分布不均匀。总体来讲，南方水资源丰富，北方则水资源匮乏。随着人口的增长和经济的快速发展，北方缺水的问题日益严重，解决办法之一就是跨流域(drainage area)调水，也就是南水北调工程(South-to-North Water Diversion Project)。南水北调工程包括东、中、西三条线路。东线从长江下游引水，沿京杭大运河(Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal)北送，穿过黄河下的管道，向下流入天津附近的水库(reservoir)。中线从长江的支流汉江的丹江口水库引水到北京。西线也被称作“大西线”，目的在于从长江上游引水到黄河上游。

参考译文：

In China water resources are unevenly distributed.In general, water resources are abundant in the south but deficient in the north.With the increase of population and rapid economic development, the problem of water shortage in the north is getting more and more serious.One solution is to divert water from one drainage area to another,also known as the South-to-North Water Diversion Project.There are three routes.The eastern route will transfer water from the lower reaches of the Yangtze River to north along the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and through a tunnel under the Yellow River, from where it can flow downhill to reservoirs near Tianjin.The central route is from Danjiangkou Reservoir on the Han river, a branch of the Yangtze River, to Beijing.The western route, also called the Big Western Line, aims at diverting water from the headwaters of the Yangtze River into the headwaters of the Yellow River.

中国，地球上最吸引人的国家之一，有5000多年的历史，是目前全球第二大经济体(the second largest economy)。随着广泛的经济改革，中国正经历着显著、快速的变化。1949年以前的中国极端贫困、收入不平衡(income inequalities)、国家不安全。由于经济改革，从1980年开始，人民的生活水平开始提升至基本水平之上。全国人口有了足够的食物、衣服和住房，普通家庭可以吃得起各种各样的食物，穿得上时尚的衣服。

参考译文：

China, one of the most fascinating countries on Earth, has a history of more than 5,000 years and is currently the second largest economy in the world.China is going through a remarkable and rapid change with widespread economic reforms.Before 1949, China was characterized by extreme poverty, income inequalities, and

insecurity.Since 1980，thanks to the economic reforms, people's standard of living started to climb beyond the basic level.The general population had adequate food, clothing, and housing, and ordinary families could afford to eat a variety of foods and wear stylish clothing.

Stylish

时尚的

fashionable

中国的社会关系是典型的由共同的社交网络(social network)组成的社会关系。社交网络中的个体通过“关系”相连，关系中的情感被称为“感情”。中国的社会关系中一个非常重要的概念是“面子”概念，就像其他许多亚洲文化中的一样。正如中国学术大家费孝通的社会学著作中所写的那样，中国人一跟其他社会的人相比一倾向于从社会网络角度看社会关系。因此，人们的关系以“近”或者“远”界定，而不是“有”或者“无”。

参考译文：

Chinese social relationships are social relationships typified by a mutual social network. The individuals within the social network are connected by

guanxi(links) and the feeling within the links is known by the term “ganqing”.An important concept within Chinese social relationships is the concept of face,as in many other Asian cultures. As articulated in the sociological works of Chinese leading academic Fei Xiaotong, the Chinese，in contrast to people of other

societies,tend to see social relationships in terms of social networks. Hence, the

years.The government provides primary education for six years,starting at age six or seven, followed by six years of secondary education for ages 12 to 18.Some provinces may have five-year primary school,but six years for secondary school, including three years for middle school and three years for high school.The Ministry of Education reported a 99 percent eollment rate for primary school and an 80 percent for both middle and high schools.

自从商业航班出现后，对全球旅游业冲击最大的莫过于中国旅游。到2015年，将有1亿中国人打包行囊，出境旅游。2012年，中国超越美国和德国成为全球最大的国际旅游消费国，创造了8300万人在国际旅游中消费1020亿美元的纪录。韩国有报道说在2013年2月份，中国到访游客数量有史以来第一次超过了日本。为应对这种繁荣，全球旅游运营商一直不遗余力地改变他们提供的服务-特别是在酒店方面。

参考译文：exceed outnumber surpass 超过

Chinese tourism brought about the strongest impact on the global travel industry since the advent of commercial flight.By 2015,100 million Chinese will pack their bags to travel abroad. In 2012, Chinese overtook Americans and Germans as the world's top international tourism spenders, with 83 million people spending a record of 102 billion on international tourism. South Korea reported that in February, 2013, for the first time ever, Chinese tourists overtook Japanese tourists in terms of arrival number.In response to the boom,global travel operators have been relentlessly adapting their offerings-hotels in particular.

Spare no effort 不遗余力的

Do ones utmost

从秦朝到晚清，朝廷将人民分为四个阶级:地主、农民、工匠和商人。地主和农民构成了两个主要的阶级，而商人和工匠们则归到两个较小的阶级。从理论上讲，除了帝位，其他身份都不能世袭(hereditary)。当拥有大量土地和半农奴(semi-serfs) 的显赫家族出现时，封建主义(feudalism)就会局部复辟。他们控制着朝廷重要的民事和军事职位，并将任职这些职位的机会对本宗族的成员敞开。自唐代开始，朝廷改革了科举制度(imperial examination system),试图根除这种现象。

参考译文：

From the Qin Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty,the Chinese government divided Chinese people into four classes:landlord, peasant, craftsman and

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