短文改错

短文改错篇一：高中英语短文改错解题技巧

短 文 改 错 技 巧

“短文改错”题是各类考试中的一个重要题型。尽管该题难度不大，但仍有一些同学在做此类题目时不得要领，因而得分甚少。本文结合高考试题(出处被略去)，对“短文改错”题中的常见错误加以分析，从中找出命题者设置错误的规律并介绍一些解题技巧。

名词方面的错误多指名词单复数形式的误用，可数名词与不可数名词的错误，名词所有格中“’s”的误置等。例如:

1. He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests.

2. In summer, the sea under the blue skies is even more beautiful.

3. ... you’ve been settled down in Boston and are getting used to the local ways of life.

4. ... but she marked strictly on student’s actual performance ...

动词错误在短文改错中所占比重最大，它所涉及的错误包括动词的时态、语态错误；易混动词的用法错误；动词的第三人称单数错误；动词的非谓语形式，以及动词的句型搭配错误等。在改错题中，动词方面的考查比例较大。例如:

1. The air keeps the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon ...

2. I just want to thank you for helping me becoming a different person.

3. How about join us? The camp is at the foot of a small hill.

4. I’ll send my friend Charlie meet you at the airport.

这类错误多指误用形容词修饰形容词，误用副词修饰名词，误用形容词修饰动词，误用形容词或副词的原级、比较级和最高级以及误用带-ly的副词与不带-ly的副词等，特别注意根据上下文该用比较级而未用的“暗中比较”。例如:

1. They came back lately and had some tea.

2.... you always gave me specially attention ...

3. ... they fly down immediate and catch them without delay.

4. Yes，it is clearly that your life in your country is quite different from ...

5. I know you are particular interested in Human Rights.

6. Last year, my English teacher proved to be the more popular in our school.

短文改错中出现连词就要判断连词用的是否正确，是否符合句子意思；连接的是词还是句子，是否符合逻辑关系。此外如果是平行结构就要注意前后时态、语态、词性一致问题平行结构常借助与并列连词and, or, but, not only…but also…, …not…but…, either…or…, neither …nor…, as well as等，though不与but连用，because不与so连用等。

1. It started to rise higher again. So it was still too close to the water.

2. I became very active but made new friends.

3. My hometown is a pretty city, so people there are kind and polite.

4. While they find fish come to the surface, they fly down immediately.

5. Both your aunt or I look forward to seeing you again.

这类错误主要包括形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的误用，关系代词、连接代词的误用，代词主格与代词宾格的误用，代词单数与代词复数的误用，各个不定代词之间的误用，反身代词与代词宾格之间的误用，代词的指代错误，定语从句中多用代词等。

1. ... the men threw away most of his clothes to save themselves.

2. a lot of white birds come to my city for food. I can wait patiently above the sea for quite a long ...

3. If he spends most of his time playing about in the way that he used to as a child，they will go hungry.

4. That night, we sat down to what they thought would be a pleasant, uninterrupted ...

5. I just smiled to me and thought ...

6.... your life in your country is quite different from me.

7. Everybody sleeps in tents, that is very exciting.

这类错误多指漏掉介词、多用介词或介词与其他词语搭配的错误等。例如:

1. The crowd waiting for to greet them in England was very surprised ...

2. He was looking for a glass the cupboard.

3. After autumn arrives，the city looks as an old man with leaves ...

4. ... he can no longer expect others to pay his food, his clothes ...

5. On the front door stood a five-year-old boy from across the street.

6. Could you share your experience for us?

7. My mother was a career woman and had her own problems to take care.

这类错误多指a(n)与the的误用，a与an的误用。有时也表现为:单数可数名词前面该用冠词的地方缺少冠词，不该用冠词的地方多了冠词。例如:

1. An American and a Frenchman decided to cross the sea between France and England in the

balloon in 1784.

2.... the popular teacher is at same time the one who should be strict with ...

3. And if he breaks the law of society ..., he may go to the prison.

4.... so we will have plenty of spare time to visit the area and have a fun.

这类错误主要为现在时态与过去时态、主动语态与被动语态的误用。做题时，应注意把握文中动词时态的呼应规律，注意把握诸个并列动词的时态、语态的呼应规律。例如:

1. We had guests last night who have not stayed in a B&B hotel before.

2. Today，I got a letter that said I had been admitting to a college.

3. We hung a sign on the front door that was read: “We’re having dinner ...”

4.... sometimes all that is need is someone to rely on.

5. I’ll send my friend Charlie to meet you at the airport when you arrived.

这类错误主要指主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词形式的错误。因此做题时，要注意谓语动词的形式要和句子主语在人称和数上保持一致。例如:

1. “I just want to know what the sign say.”

2. Anyone can borrow books if he or she wish.

3. Here are the information about Manchester University.

4. What may surprise you are that I’m going to ...

主要考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的固定搭配；副词、动词的固定搭配；及物动词后多介词或副词以及不及物动词后少介词，英语中的一些固定句型与习惯搭配等。

1. My teacher advised me to keep my diary. keep a diary是固定搭配，意思是“写日记”.

2. In my surprise, he did very well in his previous job.To one’s surprise 是固定搭配

3. I thought that was dull to watch a game… 此题考查it的功能，It + be + adj. + to do为固定结构。

要想做好“短文改错”题，不妨试试分成“四步走”，遵循“四原则”，实施“四查法”。具

字逐行地进行修改。

后再根据具体语境，仔细分析判断，将注意力集中在较难的句子上。

用法要记住；句子结构多分析，逻辑错误须关注”的口诀行事。

全文，并利用语感来做最后的判断。

纵观近几年的“短文改错”题，正确的地方只有一处；多词和缺词的地方约有3处；用错词的地方一般有6个，且多为动词。这种比例或许也能帮助你做出最后判断。

题要求每行只能改动一处，改动的方法可以是增词、删词或换词，但无论作何种改动，只能是增加一词、减少一词或把一个词改成另一个词。当然，没有错误的行无需改动。也就是说，每行改动之处不能超过一个。

实词的词义，也不能将其改换成另一个实词，更不能随便增删。例如:

① The air keeps the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon ... (把keeps改为keeping) ② Yes, it is clearly that your life in your country is quite different from ... (把clearly改为clear)

3至4处。这些需要添、删的词一般都是虚词(如冠词、介词等)，不是实词(如动词、名词等)，否则会改变句子的原意。例如:

① They did not want breakfast because that they were going out early ... (删去that)

② He was looking for a glass the cupboard. (the前面加in)

应该针对短文中的用词错误、语法错误、逻辑错误加以改正，不应更改作者的原意。做到换词不改意，加词不增意，去词不减意。如有多种改法，应以保持原意为条件，择其佳者而从之。例如：

But I have spent most my money, so I cannot… 改正：在my前加of。也有同学去掉most，这种改法虽改正了语法错误，但改变了原意。作者想说的是“花掉了大部分的钱，而不是全部”。

还要看该名词前面是否缺限定词、该用何种限定词，尤其要查名词前冠词的使用情况。当名词前面有形容词修饰时更要加倍注意。例如: Your knowledges of Greece can help the whole class. (把knowledges改为knowledge)

尤其要根据上下文所提供的时间信息，仔细推敲，从而选用正确的动词时态形式。例如: (2006天津) I gained so much confidence that I go back to school ... (把go改为went)

应在文中使用各种启承转合的连词。这些连词能使文章在结构上和意义上通顺流畅。例如: It started to rise higher again. So it was still too close to the water. (把So改为But)

“理顺”指行文逻辑符合人们普遍认可的道理。例如: (NMET 2006) The air keeping the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon was coming up. (把第二个up改为down) 总之，强语言基础知识的学习，多做有针对性的训练。

短文改错篇二：高中英语短文改错技巧：如何答题得分高

短文改错篇三：2011-2015年全国卷短文改错题汇总(含试题与答案)

全国卷英语短文改错

此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：把缺词处加一个漏符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

一、命题内容

1. 词汇用法

(1) 用词不当

英语中有很多同义词、反义词、易混词，如assure/ensure, rise/arise/raise, effect/affect等。

(2) 介词误用

介词使句中某些词与其他词发生一定的关系，其在英语中占很重要的地位，故成为又一重要考点。

2. 语法知识

(1) 一致性方面的错误

1) 主谓一致。主要表现为主语名词与谓语动词间隔较长，首尾不能相接，造成视觉上的混淆。

2) 名词单复数。有时名词可以不用复数，但是在特定的句子中由于前面有明确的量词修饰，如 several, a number of, a variety of等等，就要变成复数形式。

3) 代词与先行词一致。人称代词、物主代词及指示代词的误用，会导致指示不清、逻辑混乱，甚至前后矛盾。

(2) 非谓语动词错用

非谓语动词包括不定式、分词。

(3) 形容词、副词(包括比较级和最高级)误用

形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级是改错考题中必考的项目之一。常见错误类型有： One of +最高级+名词复数，as +原级+as

(4) 时态、语态错误

一篇结构完整的短文中，时态的使用应该是连贯一致的，另外，改错题中最常见的语态错误是被动语态被误用为主动语态。

二、真题

2015年（全国卷I）

When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. There the air is clean or the mountains (转 载 于:wWW.ZHaoqT.nEt 蒲 公英文 摘:短文改错)are green. Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. Much rare animals are dying out. We must found ways to protect your environment. If we fail to do so, we’ll live to regret it.

2015年（全国卷II）

One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent. It was very crowded. Tony saw a toy on a shop window. He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop. After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing. Tony was scared and begun to cry. A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop. Five minutes later. Tony saw parents. Mom said, “How nice to see you again! Dad and I were terrible worried.”Tony promised her that this would never happen again.

2014年（全国卷I）

Nearly five

years before, and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted Some

cherry tomatoes(圣女果)in our back garden. Since then- for all these years-we had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please. As result, the plants are growing somewhere. The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste. There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors. Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems. We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost!

【小题1】before—ago

【小题2】by—of

2014年（全国卷II）

My dream school starts at 8:30 a.m. and ends at 3:30 p.m. They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon .We didn’t need to do so many homework .Therefore, we have more time with after-school activities .For example , we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day .

My dream school look like a big garden. There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings .We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sat by the lake listening music. The teachers here are kind and helpfully. They are not only our teachers but also our friends.

2011年（全国卷I）

One of my unforgettable memory of my school in Xinjiang is that of lunches we brought from our homes. I hold my lunch-box in my hand when I was going to school. The smell from it was very good. Since the lunch bell finally rang, my friends and me met under a tall tree and had our lunches. My best friend Aigulie was used to share her Nang with me. Nang is a

specially kind of cake in Xinjiang. I like them very much. Now Aigulie and I study at different colleges or we can only see each other during the summer vacation. I think over her a lot and I

miss the food and the good time we had together.

2011年（全国卷I）76.把memory改为memories。77.在lunches前面加the。78.把hold改为held。

79. 把Since改为When/After。80.me改为I 81. 把was去掉。82. 把specially改为special。83. 把them改为it。84. 把or改为and。85. 把over改为of。

2011年（全国卷II）

Dear George,

It's been a week after we left your family and we are now back home. Thank you very much for showing them around your city and providing us for the wonderful meals. After we said goodbye to you, we went to Washington D.C. ,that we stayed for three days. My brother was so much fond of the museums there that he begged my parents to staying another couple of day. However, my father had to return to work on Monday so we fly back last Saturday afternoon. It was really a nice experience. If you'd like to make trip to our city some day, I will be better than happy to be your guide.

Yours, Mike

2011年（全国卷II）76. after---since 77.them---us 78. for---with79. That改为Where 80.去掉 much

81.staying---stay82.day---days 83.fly---flew84.trip 前 a 85.better---more

2012年（全国卷I）

Every one of us can make a great efforts to cut off the use of energy in our country. To begin with, all of us can start reducing to the use of oil by driving only when we have a real need. That won't easy, I know，but we have to start anywhere. What's more, we can go to work by bike once and twice a week, and we can also buy smaller cars that burn less oil. Other way is to watch our everyday use of water and electric at home. For example, how many times have you walked out of a room and leave the lights or television when no one else was there?

2012年（全国卷I）1. efforts改为effort 2.off改为down 3.把to删掉4. won't be 5. anywhere---somewhere

6. and—or 7. Other---Another 8. electric—electricity 9.and改为but 10 television后加on

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