步步高短文填空第二册

步步高短文填空第二册篇一：【步步高 学案导学设计】2014-2015学年高中英语(人教版,必修5)课时作业：Unit 2 Period Two]

Period Two Language Points

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1．2．3．Song poems，which I like very much.

4．5．6．7．I hope this ________ (阐明) my position.

8．We have provided seats for the ________(方便) of our customers.

9．We offer you our sincerest wishes for a very ________(令人愉快的) Mother’s Day.

10．Your hand was ________(粗糙的) but strong and warm.

Ⅱ.选词填空

be known as, make up, as well, link...to..., break away from, look around，to one’s credit, under

construction

1．He will come to Canada next month and of course, his wife will come ________________.

2．Generally speaking, lung disease ________________________ smoking.

3．Oxford ________________________ one of the best universities in the world.

4．It is greatly ________________________ that you have passed such a difficult exam.

5．The boy ________________ a story. It was not true.

6．Some roads are blocked because they are ________________.

7．What can we do to help them to ________________________ the difficult position?

8．Would you please lead me to ________________ your factory?

Ⅲ.词义辨析

1．用divide (into)或separate (from)的适当形式填空。

(1)The geography teacher told us that the world is ________________ seven continents.

(2)Police tried to ________ the two men who were fighting.

(3)We’d better ________ the good ones ________ the bad ones.

(4)The children ________ the money among(between) them last night.

2．用worth, worthy或worthwhile填空。

(1)Hangzhou is a beautiful place and it is ________ to go there.

(2)The book is ________ reading.

(3)The place is ________ of a visit.

(4)This novel is ________ of being translated.

Ⅳ.单项填空

1．The lecture given by the professor ________ the students’ attention.

A．paid B．attractedC．pushed D．used

2．It’s said that the team ________ twelve top European players.

A．consists of B．is consisted of C．made up of D．make up of

3．The difficulty she had________her three children was solved by the local government.

A．feed B．fed C．to feed D．feeding

4．A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ________ in the kitchen.

A．smoke B．smokingC．to smoke D．smoked

5．An awful accident________，however，occur the other day.

A．does B．did C．has to D．had to

6．Alice, as well as two boys, ________ for having broken the rule.

A．was punishedB．punished C．were punished D．have been punished

7．The teacher stressed again that the students should not ________ any important details while

retelling a story.

A．bring outB．let out C．leave out D．make out

8．The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without________his notes.

A．bringing up B．referring toC．looking forD．trying on

9．He hasn’t slept at all for three days.________he is tired out.

A．There is no pointB．There is no need C．It is no wonder D．It is no way

10．Come and see me whenever________.

A．you are convenient B．you will be convenient

C．it is convenient to youD．it will be convenient to you

Ⅴ.完形填空

One afternoon I toured an art museum and I was looking forward to a quiet view of the wife’s jacket.

“He’s a __10__ man，” the clerk at the counter said. “Most of us would give in if we were 发誓) he wouldn’tbefore he and his wife come in whenever there’s”

“But what does he get out of the art？” I asked. “He can’t see.”

“Can’t see! You’re __14__. He sees a lot. More than you or I do.” The clerk said. “His wife young walk away hand in hand.

1．A.continuously B．secretly C．silently D．carefully

2．A.said B．warned C．decided D．appreciated

3．A.hated B．admired C．ignored D．expected

4．A.Delighted B．Satisfied C．Moved D．Annoyed

5．A.met B．quarreled C．observed D．compared

6．A.soft B．constant C．broken D．weak

7．A.taking B．bringing C．producing D．making

8．A.glared B．stared C．noticed D．glanced

9．A.tapped B．felt C．forced D．kept

10．A.patient B．unlucky C．brave D．clever

11．A.dying B．blinded C．deaf D．wordless

12．A.improve B．end C．complete D．change

13．A.play B．art C．architecture D．car

14．A.wise B．foolish C．intelligent D．wrong

15．A.paints B．buys C．admires D．describes

16．A.spirits B．ears C．head D．soul

17．A.learned B．told C．judged D．considered

18．A.bravery B．patience C．politeness D．coldness

19．A.hearing B．sight C．complaint D．delay

20．A.shown B．valued C．shared D．received

1．consist of “由……组成，由……构成”，不用于进行时态，也不用于被动语态。

2．convenient adj.方便的，合适的，不用人作主语。

Is it convenient for/to you if I come at 6 p．m.?

如果我下午6点来，你方便吗？

答案

Ⅰ.1.unite 2.credits 3.collection 4.attracted 5．accomplish 6.countryside 7.clarifies

8．convenience 9.enjoyable 10.rough

Ⅱ.1.as well 2.is linked to 3.is known as 4.to your credit 5.made up 6.under construction 7.break away from 8.look around

Ⅲ.1.(1)divided into (2)separate (3)separate；from (4)divided

[divide指把一个整体“划分”成若干份。常用的词组有divide...into，一般是通过切、割、劈等手段，把一个大的整体分成几个小的部分。separate指把原来连在一起或靠近的事物“分隔”开来，常用的词组有separate...from。]

2．(1)worthwhile (2)worth (3)worthy (4)worthy

[worth，形容词，“有……价值，值得……的”，后接价值数量词、名词和代词和动名词(主动形式表被动)作表语，用well修饰。worthy表示“值得尊敬(称赞)的”时，作定语。表示“值……的”时，作表语，常用be worthy of＋名词/动名词的被动式、不定式的被动式。worthwhile既可作表语，也可作定语。它表示某事因为重要、有趣或受益大而值得花时间、钱财或努力去做好，一般作“值得做的，有意义的”讲。常用于句型：It’s worthwhile to do/doing sth.。]

Ⅳ.1.B [attract one’s attention“吸引某人的注意力”。]

2．A [consist of＝be made up of“由……组成”。]

3．D [这是对have difficulty (in) doing sth.句式的考查。the difficulty 为先行词，后面省略了关系代词that，that在定语从句中作had的宾语。]

4．B [句意为：若厨师当场被发现在厨房内吸烟会被立即开除。find后接现在分词作宾语补足语，表示分词动作正在进行。]

5．B [由时间状语the other day可知，句中必须用过去式，排除A、C两项，D项意义不当。此处应选B项表示强调。句意为：不过，前几天的确发生了一次可怕的事故。]

6．A [由题意可知此处应用被动语态，故排除B项；主语后有together with, along with, as well as等短语时，谓语动词不受这些短语影响，仍与主语一致，故选A。]

7．C [句意为：老师再一次强调学生们在复述故事时不要漏掉任何重要的细节。leave out遗漏，符合题意。bring out拿出，取出；let out发出(叫喊声等)；make out看清楚，辨认出。]

8．B [句意为：总裁在商业会议上演讲了将近一个小时没有看他的演讲稿。refer to 有“参考，查阅”的意思。]

9．C [句意为：他已经三天没睡觉了。难怪他非常疲劳。There is no point 表“没有意义”；There is no need 表“没有必要”；(It is) no wonder (that)表“难怪”。]

10．C [句意为：无论何时你方便，都可以来看我。注意 convenient的主语不可以是人，而且还要遵守“主将从现”的规则，从句应该用一般现在时来代替将来时。故选C。]

Ⅴ.1.A [由上文“我”盼望着能在安静的环境下欣赏作品，以及下文“我”走开，可知这对夫妇不停地(continuously)说话。secretly表示“秘密地”；silently表示“不出声地，默默地”；carefully表示“仔细地”。]

2．C [经过观察，“我”断定(decide)是这位妻子一个劲地说。say表示“说”；warn表示“警告”；decide表示“断定”；appreciate表示“感激”。由句意可知C项为最佳答案。]

3．B [由空后的“his patience for putting up with her talkativeness”可知一个男人能够忍受妻子的喋喋不休是需要耐心的，因此“我”对这位丈夫表现出的耐心很是钦佩(admire)，而不是

hate(不喜欢)，ignore(忽略)或expect(期望)。]

4．D [由下文“我继续向前走”可知，“我”一直被他们的谈话所干扰，因此应用annoyed(打扰，干扰)。delighted表示“高兴的”；satisfied表示“使满意”；moved表示“使感动”。]

5．A [meet with为固定短语，意思是“不期而遇”。上下文并没有提到作者与这对夫妇“吵架”、“观察”或“比较”。]

6．B [constant表示“连续不断的”，与下文的flood吻合。soft表示“柔和的，软的”；broken表示“破碎的”；weak表示“虚弱的”。]

7．D [make a purchase为固定短语，意思是“买东西”，此时不能用动词take, bring或produce。]

8．C [“我”正在礼品店买东西，这时我注意到(noticed)这对夫妇朝出口走去。glare表示“凝视；怒视”；stare表示“盯着看”；glance表示“瞥一眼，扫视”，这三个词都和介词at连用后加宾语。]

9．A [tap表示“轻敲”，此处表示他用拐杖轻敲着前进。feel表示“感觉”，force表示“强迫”，keep表示“保持”；均与句意不符。]

10．C [下文提到，一般人这么年轻失明之后就会放弃了，而他却没有。因此称赞他勇敢，而不是称赞他有耐心、不幸或聪明。]

11．B [由下文“我”说的“He can’t see”，以及短文倒数第二句话中的“blindness”可推知答案为blinded。]

12．D [他坚信自己不会因此而改变(change)。improve表示“提高”；end表示“结束”；complete表示“完成”，均与下文的含义不符。]

13．B [由首句中的an art museum以及下一句中的art可推知答案。]

14．D [由下文的“他看到很多”可知“我”错了，此处不能表达为“我聪明/愚蠢/有智慧”。]

15．D [由上文他妻子滔滔不绝地说话以及最后一段第二句话中的“a young wife describing paintings...”可得出答案。]

16．C [通过妻子的描述，盲人丈夫应在头脑中想象出画展的情况。]

17．A [learn在此处的含义为“了解，得知”，此处表达作者通过这件事所受到的启发。而tell表示“告诉”；judge表示“判断”；consider表示“考虑”。]

18．B [一开始“我”以为丈夫有耐心倾听妻子的喋喋不休，此时才明白为丈夫详细描述每一幅画的妻子才真正有耐心。]

19．B [由上文可知那位丈夫是个盲人，因此此处应用sight表示没有“视力”的人。]

20．C [夫妻之间的真爱应是两人“共同分享的”爱，这与本文的内容相符。show是“展示”的含义；value表示“珍爱，重视”；receive表示“收到”。]

步步高短文填空第二册篇二：步步高《一页通》2017版浙江选考考前特训英语总复习：第二部分 组合练(一-二十)

组合练(一)

Ⅰ.七选五

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 (2016·湖南岳阳二模) yhasbeeepeatedtimean(来自:WwW.ZHaOqt.nEt 蒲公英文 摘:步步高短文填空第二册)dagain.Itallowsustolearnfromthepast

boththemistakesmadeandthesuccessesachieved.

Oneofthebenefitsofhistoryisreadinghowotherpeoplebothfamousandtotallyunknownhaveovercometremendouschallengesintheirlife.Thesechallenges，althoughparticulartoaperson，，ortoacertaintimeinthepast，oroccurringinadifferentcountryorculture，cess.

Or，，hedidnotletthosefailuresstophim.HehadadreamandhejustkepttryingdifferentthingsuntilhedidreachsucconsiderthestoryofAbrahamLincolnwhomanagedtobecomePresidentoftheUnitedStateseventhoughhesufferedmanysetbacksandpersonallosses.MostofusonlyrealizethesuccessofMr.LincolnbecomingPreshatobstacleswehaveinlife.

A．Historyhasalotofinfluenceonus.

B．TakeforexamplethestoryofThomasEdison.

C．Historyhassomeveryuniquequalitiesaboutit.

D．Iamsurehewasdiscouragedbyhismanyfailures.

E．Theyconveywisdomintheirshortstoriesofperseverance.

F．Fewofusknewaboutthemanychallengeshehadtoovercome.

G．Onlythosewithcouragetofacechallengescanhopetolivetheirdreams.

Ⅱ.语法填空

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

(2016·山东日照模拟)

Formanyyoungpeople，goingtouniversityisoneofthemostimportant6.________(stage) oftheirlives.Itisthetimewhenyoungpeoplewillmoveoutof7.________(they)

homestolivewithotherpeople，oftenstrangers.8.________(especial) intheU．S，peopleoftentravelveryfar9.________hometostudy.Itisatimetobe10.________(independence)．

Atuniversity，youwill11.________(teach) bylecturesandprofessorswhoareleadingfiguresintheirstudy.Theopportunitytolearnfromandtodiscusswiththemis12.________drivessomepeopletoapplytouniversity.Studentsarerequiredtochooseamajorthattheywishtostudy.Apartfromthe13.________(academy) benefit，lifeatuniversityalsocanallowstudents14.________(develop) theirinterestsinmanyfields.

Therefore，universityisaplace15.________youattainknowledge，todevelopyourvaluesandtoacceptthosewhomaybedifferent.

Ⅲ.概要写作

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Movingtoanewneighborhood，town，state，orevencountrycanbeaprettyscaryexperience.Allyouknowisthatthingswillbedifferentandchancesarethatyouwon’tknowthekidsatyournewschool.

Theexperiencesthatgowithmovingmakemanykidsfeelnervousandworried.Thisisperfectlynormalbutdon’tlettheseemotionsoverrunyourthoughts!

Youwillsoongetusedtoyoursurroundingsandfindnewfriendsatyournewschool.

Leavingoldfriendsandfamiliarplacesbehindcanbedifficult.However，asyoubeginthemovingprocess，keepinmindthatsayinggoodbyetoyouroldhouse，school，

！

，andfriendsdoesnotmeanthatyouhavetoforgetthemorthatyourfarewellispermanentIfyou’removingtoanewstateorevenadifferentcountryandwon’tseeyourfriendsforalongtime

don’tdespair.

Makesuretoaskeveryonefortheiraddresssoyoucanwritethemletters.Also，thankstotheInternet，itisveryeasytostayintouchwithyouroldfriendsthroughe-mailorinstantmessagingtechnologies.Withyourparent’spermission，youcanevencreateablogorwebpagetochronicle(

，记载) ，

，allofyournewexperiences.Includeyourthoughtsevenpicturesofnewfriends，talesofyournewadventuresyournewhouse

andnewtown.Youroldfriendswillloveseeingwhatyouarebusywith.

Manyschoolshaveanorientation(培训)programwhereastudenthasalreadyestablishedatschoolshowsanewstudentaroundfortheirfirstweek.Thiscanhelpyoutofindyourwayaroundtheschoolandtomakenewfriendsfaster.

Whilemovingistoughonkidsofanyage，highschoolcounselorKarenTurnersaysmovingcanbeparticularlydifficultforteens.“Ithinkmovingduringadolescentsisanextremelystressfulexperience，especiallyifyouareintoyourjuniorhighorsenioryear.Studentstendtohaveestablishedaverystrongpeernet

workduringthatperiodintheirlives.Oftenthishasmoreinfluenceonthemeventhantheirfamiliesinsomecases，andwhentheyaretornfromthatthere’softeesentment(怨气)．”However，Turneraddsthatwhilemovingisn’teasy

therearethingsthatyourparentsandtheschoolcandotohelpyoudealwiththechange.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

组合练(二)

Ⅰ.七选五

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 (2016·广东东莞六校联考)

TipsforSummerReading

Summerholdsmanyofmystrongestandmostpowerfulreadingmemories.Iremembersittingunderatreeinthebackyardasachild，，readingAnneofGreenGablesastheshadowscrossedthegrass.Iremembersittinginthebackseatofthecaronalongfamilyroadtrip，ofsummerreading，Makechildrenthecurators(管理人)oftheirreadinglives. “chiefcurators”ofthebloginturnsothatoverthecourseofthesummereachofthemtakesontheresponsibilityofreplyingtopostsandhighlightingapopulartitle. Taking“curiositywalks”isafantasticwaytobringinformationaltextintoachild’sreadinglist.Thesewalksalsoprovideopportunitiesforauthenticwriting.Havechildrentakeaninspirationnotebookonaclasswalkoutsideandwritedownanythingtheyseethattheywouldliketolearnmoreabout.

Makereadingmorelikesummercamp.

Let’scombinereadingwithhands-onactivitiesandmakereadingmorelikesummercamp.Wecantakefiel

tcreationintoshareonthefirstdaysofschool.

A．Itwillsetthestageforacademicsuccess.

B．Bringtheoutdoorsbackintosummerreading.

C．Selectsomebooksandsharethemwithyourstudents.

D．Setupasummerblogsoyoucanallsharerecommendations.

E．Thesememoriesbecameimportantsteppingstonesinmylife.

F．Itisimportanttobuildandshapeastrongreadinglifeduringschoolmonths.

G．Wecanaskourstudentstocreatesomethingiesponsetooneofthebooksthey’veread.

Ⅱ.语法填空

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

(2016·广州高考模拟)

AlthoughSocrates(苏格拉底) waspoorallhislife，

，heneveraskedhispupilstopayfortheirlessons.Hetaught6.________theloveofwisdom

notformoney.And7.________hehadtosaywasalwaysnewandworthhearing.Allhispupilslovedhim. Buthisunusualwaysofteachingandhisdemandthatstudentsalwaysaskquestionsmadehimsome8.________(danger) enemies.Therulersdidnotwanttobequestioned.Sothey9.________(false) accusedSocratesofteachingyoungmenbadthingsand10.________(lead) themtoignorereligion.Infact，Socrateswasaveryreligiousman.Hisenemieshadhim11.________(arrest)

andhewassentencedtodeathbypoisoning.

Duringthe30daysbeforehewasputtodeath，hisfriendsandpupils12.________(allow) ，tovisithiminhisprison.Theywereastonishedtofindthat13.________wascalmandcheerful.Hehadnofearofdying.WhenthedeadlypoisonwasfinallybroughttoSocrates，hisfriendswerein14.________(tear)，butSocratesseemedtobethe15.________(brave)

manintheroom.Heraisedthecupanddrankitasifitwereaglassofbanquetwine.

Ⅲ.读后续写

阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。

Itwasasunnyday，andtheclimatewasenjoyable.Everyoneintherailwaystationwaswaitingforthetraintoarrive.Amongthecrowd，Itwasabusystationwithjuiceshop，mobilerestaurants，coffeeandteastalls，newspapershop，restaurants

aintotheirappropriateplaces. seatsbeforeanyonecouldgetintothetrain. ，

erunningtocatchthetrain.Theyenteredthetrainandthetrainstartedtomove.Theyhadtheirseatsjustnexttothefriends’group. Heshoutedathisfather，“Dad，thetrainismovingandthethingsaremovingbackwards.” Asthetrainstartedmovingfast，theyoungboyagainscreamed，“Dad，thetreesaregreenincolourandrunbackwardveryfast.”Hisfathersaid，“Yes，dear.”andsmiled. Justlikeakid

hewaswatchingeverythingwithgreatenthusiasmandhappinessloadedwithtonsofsurprises. ，，“Iwanttoeatapples.”Hisfatherboughthimapples.Hesaid，“Ohapplelookssosweetthanittastes；”

注意：

1．所续写短文的词数应为150左右；

2．应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；

3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；

4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。

Paragraph1：

Thegroupofyoungstersstartedmakingsomenoise._______________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Paragraph2：

Thefatheroftheyoungboyagainsmiled.______________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

步步高短文填空第二册篇三：第五章 第2讲 【2016化学大一轮步步高答案】

第2讲 元素周期律和元素周期表

[考纲要求] 1.掌握元素周期律的实质；了解元素周期表(长式)的结构(周期、族)及其应用。2.以第三周期为例，掌握同一周期内元素性质的递变规律与原子结构的关系。3.以ⅠA和ⅦA族为例，掌握同一主族内元素性质递变规律与原子结构的关系。4.了解金属、非金属在元素周期表中的位置及其性质的递变规律。

考点一 元素周期表

1．世界上第一张元素周期表是在1869断发展，已逐渐演变为现在的常用形式。

2．原子序数：按照元素在周期表中的顺序给元素编号，数＝质子数＝核外电子数。 3．编排原则

(1) (2) 4．元素周期表的结构

5．元素周期表中的特殊位置 (1)分区

①分界线：沿着元素周期表中铝、锗、锑、钋与硼、硅、砷、碲、砹的交界处画一条斜线，即为金属元素区和非金属元素区分界线(氢元素除外)。

②各区位置：分界线左面为金属元素区，分界线右面为非金属元素区。 ③分界线附近元素的性质：既表现金属元素的性质，又表现非金属元素的性质。

(2)过渡元素：10个纵列共六十多种元素，这些元素都是金属元素。

(3)57号元素镧到71号元素镥共15种元素。 (4)89号元素锕到103号元素铹共15种元素。

(5)超铀元素：在锕系元素中92号元素铀(U)以后的各种元素。 结构巧记口诀

横行叫周期，现有一至七，四长三个短，第七尚不满。 纵列称为族，共有十六族，一八依次现，一零再一遍。 一纵一个族，Ⅷ族搞特殊，三纵算一族，占去8、9、10。 镧系与锕系，蜗居不如意，十五挤着住，都属ⅢB族。 说明 ①指ⅠA、ⅡA、ⅢB、ⅣB、ⅤB、ⅥB、ⅦB、Ⅷ； ②指ⅠB、ⅡB、ⅢA、ⅣA、ⅤA、ⅥA、ⅦA、0。 深度思考

1．下面的虚线框中每一列、每一行相当于元素周期表的每一族和每一周期，但它的列数和行数都多于元素周期表。请在下面的虚线框中用实线画出元素周期表第一至第六周期的轮廓，并画出金属与非金属的分界线和第Ⅷ族的轮廓。

①

②

答案

2．(1)甲、乙是元素周期表中同一主族相邻周期的两种元素(其中甲在上一周期)，若甲的原子序数为x，则乙的原子序数可能是________________。

(2)若甲、乙分别是同一周期的ⅡA族和ⅦA族元素，原子序数分别为m和n，则m和n的关系为________。

答案 (1)x＋2、x＋8、x＋18、x＋32 (2)n＝m＋5、n＝m＋15、n＝m＋29

解析 (1)因前六周期中元素的数目分别为2、8、8、18、18、32；同一主族中乙的原子序数可以是x＋2、x＋8、x＋18、x＋32。(2)对于第一、二、三周期，同一周期的ⅡA族和ⅦA族元素的原子序数只相差5，而对于第四、五周期来说，由于存在过渡元素，同一周期的ⅡA族和ⅢA族元素的原子序数则相差15；而对于第六、七周期来说，由于存在镧系和锕系元素，同一周期的ⅡA族和ⅦA族元素的原子序数则相差29。

3．若A、B是相邻周期同主族元素(A在B上一周期)，A、B所在周期分别有m种和n

种元

素，A的原子序数为x，B的原子序数为y，则x、y的关系为________________。 答案 y＝x＋m或y＝x＋n

解析 当A、B在 Ⅰ A族和 Ⅱ A族时，y＝x＋m，当A、B在ⅢA～ⅦA族时，y＝x＋n。

1.如图为元素周期表中前四周期的一部分，若B元素的核电荷数为x，则这五种元素的核电荷数之和为 ( )

A．5x＋10 B．5x C．5x＋14 D．5x＋16 答案 A 解析

2．已知X、Y、Z三种主族元素在元素周期表中的位置如图所示，设X的原子序数为a。则下列说法不正确的是( )

A.Y与Z的原子序数之和可能为2a B．Y的原子序数可能为a－17 C．Z的原子序数可能为a＋31 D．X、Y、Z一定为短周期元素 答案 D

解析 由题给信息可知，X、Y、Z只能位于元素周期表中过渡元素区域的右边，则：若X、Y、Z同为短周期元素，由X的原子序数为a可知，Y的原子序数为a－8＋1＝a－7，Z

的原

子序数为

a

＋8－1＝a＋7，A正确；若X为长周期非金属元素，Y为短周期非金属元素，则Y的原子序数可能为a－18＋1＝a－17，B正确；若Z为第六或第七周期元素，因存在镧系和锕系元素，则Z的原子序数可能为a＋32－1＝a＋31，C正确。

元素周期表结构中隐含的两条规律

1．同周期主族元素原子序数差的关系 (1)短周期元素原子序数差＝族序数差。

(2)两元素分布在过渡元素同侧时，原子序数差＝族序数差。两元素分布在过渡元素两侧时，四或五周期元素原子序数差＝族序数差＋10，六周期元素原子序数差＝族序数差＋24。 (3)四、五周期的ⅡA与ⅢA族原子序数之差都为11，六周期为25。 2．同主族、邻周期元素的原子序数差的关系

(1)ⅠA族元素，随电子层数的增加，原子序数依次相差2、8、8、18、18、32。 (2)ⅡA族和0族元素，随电子层数的增加，原子序数依次相差8、8、18、18、32。 (3)ⅢA～ⅦA族元素，随电子层数的增加，原子序数依次相差8、18、18、32。

考点二 元素周期律及应用

1．定义

元素的性质随原子序数的递增而呈周期性变化的规律。 2．实质

元素原子核外电子排布周期性变化的结果。 3．具体表现形式

4.元素金属性强弱的比较

(1)结构比较法：最外层电子数越少，电子层数越多，元素金属性越强。 同周期：从左到右，元素金属性减弱??

(2)位置比较法?同主族：从上到下，元素金属性增强

??左下右上位：左下方元素金属性较强

?的对应元素金属性强

?依与水、酸反应的难易或剧烈程度：越易反应或反应?越剧烈，对应元素金属性越强

依单质的还原性强弱：还原性越强，对应元素的金属?性越强

(3) 实验比较法?依阳离子氧化性的强弱：氧化性越弱，对应元素的金

?属性越强

?依单质与同一物质反应的难易程度：越易进行反应，对应元素的金属性越强

?依原电池正负极：一般来说，作负极的金属对应元素?的金属性强

5．元素非金属性强弱的比较

(1) 同周期：从左到右，非金属性增强??

(2)位置比较法?同主族：从上到下，非金属性减弱

??左下右上位：左下方元素非金属性较弱

依最高价氧化物对应水化物碱性强弱比较：碱性强

?的对应元素非金属性强

?依与H反应的难易或剧烈程度：越易反应或反应越?剧烈，对应元素非金属性越强

依单质的氧化性强弱：氧化性越强，对应元素的非金?属性越强

(3) 实验比较法?依简单阴离子的还原性强弱：还原性越弱，对应元素

?的非金属性越强

依单质与同一物质反应的难易程度：越易进行反应，?对应元素的非金属性越强

?依置换反应：非金属性较强的元素单质能置换出非?金属性较弱的元素单质

2

依最高价氧化物对应水化物酸性强弱比较：酸性强

6．元素周期表、元素周期律的应用

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