英语短文填空解题技巧
发布时间:2017-01-24 来源: 短文摘抄 点击:
英语短文填空解题技巧篇一:湖南高考英语短文填空解题技巧及模拟训练
湖南高考完型填空二命题风格与解题策略
考纲解读
“湖南高考说明”就完型填空二的措辞是:“本节要求考生根据上下文,在每个空格处填入一个适当的单词。短文补足后,要求意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。本节侧重考查考生的语感以及语言的衔接、连贯、结构等语言知识运用的能力。”分析此措辞可以得知:
1.从考查的内容看, 除考查词汇外, 还考查功能语法,即侧重于考查英语词汇在篇章中的交际功能。从而要求考生具有一定的语言知识实际运用能力。具体地说,要求考生具备:
(1)阅读与理解语篇的能力。
(2)分析句子结构的能力。学生应学会正确分析句子结构,能抓住句子主干的同时,还要能区分主从句的层次。
(3)熟练运用语法的能力。
2.从题型的形式看, 只给出空缺, 没有选项, 要求学生根据语境和自身已有的语法与词汇知识来填空, 这对学生的语言知识的提取和运用提出了更高的要求。
命题风格
完形填空第二节为语篇填空题,要求阅读一篇150左右的小短文,根据上下文在不给出任何提示的前提下填入适当的单词。短文体裁灵活多样,有记叙文、议论文、说明文和应用文等。其考查内容非常广泛,主要考查点为:(1)考查学生对语篇和逻辑关系的把握情况,主要是形容词、副词、连词、冠词、代词、介词等功能词汇;(2)考查学生对习语、短语词组或常见句式掌握的熟练程度。原文通常只给出习语、句式或短语的一部分,检验学生在句子中能否识别出这个短语、句式或习语;(3)考查学生对词义的推断能力和常识判断能力。这方面主要涉及实词,如名词、动词、形容词、副词等。要求通过分析上下文语境来判断语意和词汇形式。总的来说,此题考查偏重虚词(以介词、冠词、连词为主),而轻实词。
解题策略
在做完形填空第二节的时候, 学生不但应该通篇考虑, 掌握文章的内容和主题, 而且还应该合理地运用已学的语法知识得出正确的结论。
具体地说,解答完形填空二试题的常见技巧如下:
1.数词
?first ,second,third或者firstly,secondly,thirdly ?one:此时一般会出现another或者the other
?two:此时一般会出现both或者neither
1.冠词 如果该空位于单数可数名词或“形容词+ 单数可数名词”之前,考虑用冠词(a/an/the)或形容词性物主代词。此外,也要掌握一些有关冠词的固定搭配。
【典例1】 We must not only use our knowledge and abilities to manage the Earth,
but to make the Earth___55_____ safe and healthy place where all animals and plants—including humans ourselves—can live.
【解析】 该空后形容词safe和healthy所修饰的place为单数可数名词,由此判断此空填冠词。由语境可知此处表泛指,故填a。(2010年湖南省高考英语考纲样题)
【典例2】A dog is his best friend for 54 child when he has no friends to play with.
【解析】 该空为位于单数可数名词child前,由此判断此空填冠词,由语境可知此处表泛故填a。(2010年湖南省高考适应性测试)
【典例3】Sometimes it is necessary for a parent to write49after-school note for their children
【解析】 该空后形容词after-school所修饰的note为单数可数名词,由此判断此空填冠词。由语境可知此处表泛指,故填an。(2010年湖南省高考英语题)
【典例4】【解析】 该空后形容词English所修饰的class为单数可数名词,由此判断此空填冠词。由语境可知此处表泛指,故填an。(2011年湖南省高考英语题)
2. 介词 如果该空位于“限定词(冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格、数词)+形容词+ 名词”之前,或该空位于动词和名词或代词之间,则可考虑用介词。此外也要注意“系动词+形容词+介词+名词或代词”结构。
【典例1】 She first painted only to please herself, and then began to sell her works ____50____a little money.
【解析】 该空位于“a little money”之前,可初步判断填介词。根据语境可判断此处表示出售作品的目的是为了赚钱,故填for。
【典例2】Some people keep dogs to protect themselves from robbery. But the most important reason is companionship. (2010年湖南省高考适应性测试)
【解析】 该空位于名词“companionship”之前,可初步判断填介词。根据语境可判断此处表示养狗的目的是为了陪伴,故填for。
【典例3】For one thing, parents have time to think about what they want to say before they write.another, the note lists all the information in one place.
【解析】 该空前句For one thing,一方面可知,根据语境可判断此处表示另一方面(for another),可判断填介词for。(2010年湖南省高考英语题)
【典例4】Going to college helps build a strong mind, which leads success in one’s life.
【解析】,根据语境可判断此处该空lead to(导致)为固定词组,可判断填介词to。(2011年湖南省高考英语题)
【典例5】All of these activities take resources and habitats away ______ plants and animals. (2010年湖南省高考英语考纲样题)
【解析】,根据语境可判断此处该空take away from 为固定词组,可判断填介词from.
3.并列连词 如果该空在句中并列连接两个成分或句子,并列连接两个词或短语,
则用并列连词。常考查的并列连词有:
(1)表转折、对比关系的并列连词:but, while, whereas;表让步转折意义的副词:nevertheless, however, though,anyway,anyhow,yet。
(2)表因果关系的并列连词:so, thus,for(因为);表示因果意义的副词:therefore。
(3)表选择关系的并列连词:or(或者;否则), either?or;表选择意义的副词:otherwise。
(4)表并列关系的并列连词:and, both?and, not only?but also, as well as, neither?nor。
(5)表“就在这时”的并列连词:when。
【典例1】Itis still true that a dog is the most useful and faithful animal in the world, 50 the reason why people keep a dog has changed.
【解析】,根据语境可判断此处并列连接两个成分或句子,表转折关系,可判断填并列连词but。(2010年湖南省高考适应性测试)
【典例2】 They sometimes put the note on the kitchen table, the refrigerator,50another place where their children are sure to find it.
【解析】,根据语境可判断此处连接两个并列成分,表选择关系,可判断填并列连词or(或者;) (2010年湖南省高考英语题)
【典例3】__One_ was rich in mclaohor(隐喻)and character development, while the other .
【解析】,根据语境可判断此处并列连接两个成分humorous和 too shallow,表转折关系,可判断填并列连词but.(2011年湖南省高考英语题)
4.从句引导词(即名词性从句、定语从句或状语从句的引导词)。
1):如果该空引导的从句置于句首且整个从句在句中作主语,则考虑用主语从句的引导词;如果该空引导的从句置于系动词之后,则考虑用表语从句的引导词;如果该空引导的从句置于动词或介词之后,则考虑用宾语从句的引导词,其中考得较多的名词性从句的引导词是what, whatever, that, whether, where, why。
【典例1】For one thing, parents have time to think about52they want to say before they write.
【解析】,根据语境可判断此处引导的从句置于动词短语think about之后,则考虑用宾语从句
的引导词what,而且在从句中作动词say的宾语。( 2010年湖南省高考)
【典例2】I don’t quite understand ________ they are so mad about the childish game. Maybe they are just not confident enough to face the real world.
【解析】 该空引导的从句置于动词understand之后且作的宾语,故可判断它引导一个宾语从句。根据后一句的意思可推断我很不明白他们为什么如此着迷于该幼稚的游戏,故填why。
【典例3】so much better than the other(2011年湖南省高考英语题)
【解析】 该空引导的从句置于动词taught me 之后且作的宾语,故可判断它引导一个宾语从句,根据后一句的意思可推断填why。
2):如果该空引导的从句位于句首或位于句末,且前后句之间没有并列连词,此时可考虑用引导状语从句的引导词,常考的引导词有:because, as, when, before, after, though, although, while, where, if, since, so/such?that等。
【典例1】 ________she had not lost her precious belongs, she could have lost something far more important—her life!
【解析】 该空引导从句置于句首,且两句之间无并列连词,可判断该空引导状语从句。根据句意可判断填if引导虚拟条件句
【典例2】Parents are busy people. If they are working, they are usually not at home48 their children return from school.
【解析】该空引导的从句位于句末,且前后句之间没有并列连词,此时可考虑用引导状语 从句的引导词when/ after。( 2010年湖南省高考)
【典例3】Human activity often changes or destroys the habitats that plants and animals need to survive____50_____human populations are growing so fast.
【解析】该空引导的从句位于句末,且前后句之间没有并列连词,此时可考虑用引导原因 状语从句的引导词because /as/since。
【典例4】?animals and plants are disappearing many times faster _51____they have in the past 65 million years.
【解析】该空引导的从句位于句末,且前后句之间没有并列连词,此时根据faster可 考虑引导比较状语从句的引导词than
3)如果该空引导的从句置于名词之后,则可考虑两种情况,一是引导同位语从句,常见的名词有fact, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news, problem, possibility等,同位语从句补充说明这些名词的内容;考查引导同位语从句较多的引导词是that, whether,这两个引导词在从句中均不作成分。二是引导定语从句,此时定语从句修饰或限制它前面的名词,常考查的是关系代词that, which, who, whom, as和关系副词when, where, why。
【典例1】 The news ________ we won the game is exciting.
【解析】 该空引导的从句置于名词news之后且具体说明news的内容,可判断该空引导同位语从句。由句意可推断填that。
【典例2】 As soon as a child begins school, he enters a world of examination________ will decide his future of job.
【解析】 该空引导的从句置于名词examination之后并修饰examination,由此推断它引导的是一个定语从句。根据其在从句中作主语,且先行词指物,故填which或that。
【典例3】Humans are responsible for causing changes in the environment ________ hurt animals and species.
【解析】分析句子结构可知该空引导定语从句修饰changes,且在从句中作主语,由此可推断此处填which或that。(2010年湖南省高考英语考纲样题)
5 it的虚指用法,主要指it作形式主语或形式宾语及用以构成强调句型的用法。
【典例1】48 is still true that a dog is the most useful and faithful animal in the world, but the reason why people keep a dog has changed。(2010年湖南省高考适应性测试)
【解析】分析句子结构可知该空考查it作形式主语,that引导的主语从句作真正主语。 ? 探究点二 实词型填空
完形填空第二节在8个空之中考查实词运用常为3—4空,常见为形容词、副词和代词。一般来说,考查实词之处颇具情景性,即与语境有关,要求根据上下文逻辑的发展关系进行推断。因此,正确解答实词型,弄懂短文大意至关重要。正确解答实词型填空,一要注意判断词性,即根据句子的结构和功能,判断是用形容词还是副词;如果修饰名词,前面多用形容词或偶用名词或名词所有格作定语;修饰动词或整个句子通常用副词;作主语或宾语通常用代词;作系动词的表语通常用形容词而不用副词;作定语用形容词或相当于形容词的短语或分句。二要注意判断词形形容词要看是用原级,还是比较级、最高级。代词则要考虑用主格还是宾格等。
解答实词型填空试题的常见技巧如下:
1.形容词:如果修饰名词,前面多用形容词
【典例1】Itis still true that a dog is the_______ useful and faithful animal in the world.
(2010年湖南省高考适应性测试)
【解析】 该空在句中作形容词useful and faithful修饰名词animal, 判断词形,形容词要
用最高级,所以此处填 most.
【典例2】 For young couples, a dog is their child when they have 55 children
(2010年湖南省高考适应性测试)
【解析】该空在句中作形容词修饰名词children判断词形要用形容词no.
【典例3】A note is often a 51way to "talk" with a child than using the telephone. (2010
年湖南省高考英语题)
【解析】 该空在句中修饰名词way,由此判断该空填的是形容词。根据后面的than using
the telephone.可推断该空填比较级better.
【典例4】was so much better than the other. (2011年湖南省高考英语题)
【解析】 该空在句中形容词作定语修饰months 按照记叙文时间发展先后顺序,填形容词next,此题略有难度。
【典例5】Animals and plants have always had a _52____time surviving ,animals became extinct in the past for a variety of reasons. (2010年湖南省高考英语考纲样题)
【解析】该空在句中形容词作定语修饰time 根据后面的animals became extinct可推断该空填hard/difficult/tough.
【典例6】In some cases, competition for resources among animals led to extinction and in _52______cases,environmental changes caused extinction.
【解析】该空在句中形容词作定语修饰cases 根据前面的In some cases,可推断该空填other.
英语短文填空解题技巧篇二:中考英语短文填空解题技巧
中考英语短文填空解题技巧
中考英语短文填空解题技巧
I.首字母填空题解题技巧
字母填空题主要考察学生正确理解和书写英语单词。解答这种题需要平时扎实地打好基础,单词拼写要过关,善于分析句子结构,熟练各种词形首的变化,动词时态形式的变化,非谓语动词的运用等,另外,掌握必要的阅读技巧,也很重要。
一. 跳过空格,通读短文,了解大意
根据首字母填空的题型,实际上相当于完形填空,必须先快速通读全文,尽量理解文章的主要内容,再仔细揣摩需要填词的句子,只有完全理解全句的意思,才能准确填写单词。
二. 复读短文,确定语义,判断词形。
1. 利用上下文的语境,结合所学过的知识,先确定空格处所需词语的意义.
2.再根据空格在句子中的位置,判断其在句中充当的成分,从而确定所填词的词性,再依据词语搭配和语法规则,判断所填的词的正确形式。例如,单,复数、形容词,副词的级别、时态、语态、语气及非谓语动词的形式等,要特别注意时态的呼应及主谓一致。
三..通读短文,检查答案。
II、动词填空题解题技巧
动词填空主要用来测试考生对动词和非谓语动词形式、语态及主谓一致等知识的掌握情况。因此,掌握好动词的各种形式及其用法是做此类题的关键。我们可以从以下几方面着手:
一、确定正确的时态
1.根据句中的时间状语来确定时态。
例如,现在完成时的时间状语:already, yet, ever, never, just, before, for, since+时间点;since+过去时态的句子, so far, by now, in/during the last/past few years etc
2.注意时态呼应。
在主从复合句中,主句谓语与从句谓语动词的时态是相互照应的。
1)在宾语从句中,如果主句是一般现在时,从句根据需要选用任何时态;如果主句是一般过去时,从句要用过去的某种时态;如果从句表达的是一个客观事实不管主句是何种时态,从句仍用一般现在时。
2)在状语从句中,如果主句是一般将来时,或是祈使句,或是含情态动词的句子,时间和条件状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作。
3.根据上下文确定时态。
有时句子没有明显的时间状语,也不能用时态呼应规则来对照,这时就可以根据上下文内容来判断时间关系,确定时态。如:
如: “You’ve certainly touched my heart with your choices. And I’m sure the Five Friendlies_____(touch) the heart of the world.”句意是“你以你的选择已经震撼了我的心,我相信这五个福娃将会给世人带来震撼。”后句是笔者对美好事物的祝愿,所以应用一般将来时。
二、确定正确的语态
我们在考虑时态的同时,也要考虑语态。当句子的主语是谓语动词动作的承受者时,用被动语态;反之用主动语态。如:
“They _______(choose) carefully by Beijing 2008 to represent?.
注意:不及物动词或相当于不及物动词的短语动词(如listen,sleep,take place, happen,get up,grow up,break out,come in等)没有被动语态。如
Great changes have taken place in the last few years.
The war broke out many years ago.
但是,当“不及物动词+介(副)词”构成的短语动词其作用相当于及物动词时,则有被动语态。
The children are looked after well.
三、确定非谓语动词的形式
如果所给的动词在句子中不作谓语,就应该考虑用动词的非谓语动词形式。
1. want,hope,wish,decide,would like,agree, learn, plan, choose, manage, offer to do
2.在enjoy,finish,mind,be busy,be worth,feel like,what/how about,can't help,practice,have fun/problems ,miss, give up, suggest, look forward to, succeed in, pay attention to, keep, be worth, allow -ing
3.tell, ask, order, encourage, advise, teach, want, wish, allow sb to do
4.remember, forget, stop, try, mean, love, like, need, go on, continue, be used to do/doing
5.感官动词和使役动词
feel sb do/doing
listen to, hear sb do/doing
make, let, have sb do (have sth done)
look at, watch, see, notice sb do/doing
在被动语态中用to do
七、首字母填空:先通读下面的短文,掌握其大意,然后根据短文内容和所给首字母,在空格内填入一个适当的词(转载于:wwW.zHaoQt.NEt 蒲 公 英 文 摘:英语短文填空解题技巧),使短文意思完整,所填单词在题后横线上必须完整写出。(本大题共6分,每小题0.5分)
A survey has been published which shows that British people don’t like their neighbours very much. 80% of the people who took part in the survey feel that their neighbours h1
pay attention to others’ feelings. 25% don’t talk to the people who live next door and 10% don’t even know their n2. In fact, one million people in Britain would like to m 3because they don’t get along w4 with their neighbours.
According to the survey, the b5 problem is noise. Many of the c6 about noise came from people who live in flats and old houses. These places often have thin walls which can’t s7 the noise from next door.
The other main problems are disagreements about car parking space, and old people complaining about the y8. Some disagreements last a long time. In one case, people
w9 live in the same building haven’t talked to each other for fifteen years. Sometimes the disagreements end in violence ( 暴力 ). In one of the worst cases, a man killed a neighbour because he kept p10 in “his space”.
Another survey shows that 90% of the neighbours never s11 a meal. 80% have never had a drink together and 20% have never even spoken. However, when neighbours become each other’s friends, they are often r12 to offer help, as we can see in many parts of the world.
1. hardly 2. names3. move4. well 5. biggest 6. complaints
7. stop 8. young9. who10. parking 11. share12. ready
英语短文填空解题技巧篇三:英语中考短文填空解题技巧
中考短文填空解题技巧
I.首字母填空题解题技巧
字母填空题主要考察学生正确理解和书写英语单词。解答这种题需要平时扎实地打好基础,单词拼写要过关,善于分析句子结构,熟练各种词形首的变化,动词时态形式的变化,非谓语动词的运用等,另外,掌握必要的阅读技巧,也很重要。
一. 跳过空格,通读短文,了解大意
根据首字母填空的题型,实际上相当于完形填空,必须先快速通读全文,尽量理解文章的主要内容,再仔细揣摩需要填词的句子,只有完全理解全句的意思,才能准确填写单词。
二. 复读短文,确定语义,判断词形。
1. 利用上下文的语境,结合所学过的知识,先确定空格处所需词语的意义.
2.再根据空格在句子中的位置,判断其在句中充当的成分,从而确定所填词的词性,再依据词语搭配和语法规则,判断所填的词的正确形式。例如,单,复数、形容词,副词的级别、时态、语态、语气及非谓语动词的形式等,要特别注意时态的呼应及主谓一致。
三..通读短文,检查答案。
II、动词填空题解题技巧
动词填空主要用来测试考生对动词和非谓语动词形式、语态及主谓一致等知识的掌握情况。因此,掌握好动词的各种形式及其用法是做此类题的关键。我们可以从以下几方面着手:
一、确定正确的时态
1.根据句中的时间状语来确定时态。
例如,现在完成时的时间状语:already, yet, ever, never, just, before, for, since+时间点;since+过去时态的句子, so far, by now, in/during the last/past few years etc
2.注意时态呼应。
在主从复合句中,主句谓语与从句谓语动词的时态是相互照应的。
1)在宾语从句中,如果主句是一般现在时,从句根据需要选用任何时态;如果主句是一般过去时,从句要用过去的某种时态;如果从句表达的是一个客观事实不管主句是何种时态,从句仍用一般现在时。
2)在状语从句中,如果主句是一般将来时,或是祈使句,或是含情态动词的句子,时间和条件状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作。
3.根据上下文确定时态。
有时句子没有明显的时间状语,也不能用时态呼应规则来对照,这时就可以根据上下文内容来判断时间关系,确定时态。如:
如: “You’ve certainly touched my heart with your choices. And I’m sure the Five Friendlies_____(touch) the heart of the world.”句意是“你以你的选择已经震撼了我的心,我相信这五个福娃将会给世人带来震撼。”后句是笔者对美好事物的祝愿,所以应用一般将来时。
二、确定正确的语态
我们在考虑时态的同时,也要考虑语态。当句子的主语是谓语动词动作的承受者时,用被动语态;反之用主动语态。如:
“They _______(choose) carefully by Beijing 2008 to represent?.
注意:不及物动词或相当于不及物动词的短语动词(如listen,sleep,take place, happen,get up,grow up,break out,come in等)没有被动语态。如
Great changes have taken place in the last few years.
The war broke out many years ago.
但是,当“不及物动词+介(副)词”构成的短语动词其作用相当于及物动词时,则有被动语态。
The children are looked after well.
三、确定非谓语动词的形式
如果所给的动词在句子中不作谓语,就应该考虑用动词的非谓语动词形式。
1. want,hope,wish,decide,would like,agree, learn, plan, choose, manage, offer to do
2.在enjoy,finish,mind,be busy,be worth,feel like,what/how about,can't help,practice,have fun/problems ,miss, give up, suggest, look forward to, succeed in, pay attention to, keep, be worth, allow -ing
3.tell, ask, order, encourage, advise, teach, want, wish, allow sb to do
4.remember, forget, stop, try, mean, love, like, need, go on, continue, be used to do/doing
5.感官动词和使役动词
feel sb do/doing
listen to, hear sb do/doing
make, let, have sb do (have sth done)
look at, watch, see, notice sb do/doing
在被动语态中用to do
七、首字母填空:先通读下面的短文,掌握其大意,然后根据短文内容和所给首字母,在空格内填入一个适当的词,使短文意思完整,所填单词在题后横线上必须完整写出。(本大题共6分,每小题0.5分)
A survey has been published which shows that British people don’t like their neighbours very much. 80% of the people who took part in the survey feel that their neighbours h pay attention to others’ feelings. 25% don’t talk to the people who live next door and 10% don’t even know their n would like to m because they don’t get along w with their neighbours.
According to the survey, the b problem is noise. Many of the c about noise came from people who live in flats and old houses. These places often have thin walls which can’t s the noise from next door.
The other main problems are disagreements about car parking space, and old people complaining about the y Some disagreements last a long time. In one case, people
w live in the same building haven’t talked to each other for fifteen years. Sometimes the disagreements end in violence ( 暴力 ). In one of the worst cases, a man killed a neighbour because he kept p in “his space”.
Another survey shows that 90% of the neighbours never sa meal. 80% have never had a drink together and 20% have never even spoken. However, when neighbours become each other’s friends, they are often rto offer
help, as we can see in many parts of the world.
1. hardly 2. names3. move4. well 5. biggest
6. complaints
7. stop 8. young9. who10. parking 11. share
12. ready
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